One of the most critical social problems of Russia is a high percentage of road accidents and a great number of casualties. In 1993 in order to stabilise the number of casualties and subsequently decrease it, "The Concept of the Programme for Ensuring Traffic Safety on Roads of Russia" was developed. In 1996 the Federal Programme, "Ensuring Traffic Safety on Roads of Russia", was approved by the Russian Government for 1996-1998. The first three year phase of the Programme includes the most vital measures to curb the risk level and gravity of road accidents. Currently Russian specialists with the participation of the Road Transport Research Institute of the Transport Ministry of the Russian Federation are developing the Concept and Programme to ensure road traffic safety in Russia up to the year 2010.