In order to increase knowledge of how fuel consumption corresponds to pavement type, the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute was consulted to investigate the difference between an asphalt and a concrete pavement. Measurements were made north of Uppsala, Sweden, where a highway stretch includes both types of pavements. In a previous study a method was developed to measure fuel consumption with high precision. According to the method, measurements are made repeatedly with a 1992 Volvo 940 that carries instrumentation for precise measurement of speed, fuel consumption, fuel temperature, distance travelled etc. Measurements were made at 90 km/h. Prior to the measurements, pilot trials were conducted to calibrate the methodology and to get a first idea of possible differences between the pavements. The trials indicated that there was a difference which led to that a full scale study was initiated. It was concluded that differences were related to differences in pavement texture. A Road Surface Tester (RST) vehicle was used to investigate these properties (i.e. Mean Profile Depth, MPD). These measurements revealed that the two pavements were more or less identical in terms of slope along and across the lanes, while the asphalt pavement had rougher macro texture (MPD) than the concrete pavement.