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Disparities in mobility among older people: Findings from a capability-based travel survey
Division of Transport and Roads, Department of Technology and Society, Lund University, Sweden; K2 – The Swedish Knowledge Centre for Public Transport, Lund, Sweden; Centre for Ageing and Supportive Environments, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6751-4861
Division of Transport and Roads, Department of Technology and Society, Lund University, Sweden; K2 – The Swedish Knowledge Centre for Public Transport, Lund, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7394-4534
Centre for Ageing and Supportive Environments, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0878-735X
2019 (English)In: Transport Policy, ISSN 0967-070X, E-ISSN 1879-310X, Vol. 79, p. 177-192Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Despite some incremental policy shifts accounting for transport equity concerns, the norms within which transport systems worldwide currently function are still implicitly exclusive. Older people constitute a group which is particularly susceptible to issues within the transport system. However, this susceptibility is not evenly distributed, partly due to the considerable heterogeneity in circumstances among this group. The aim of this study is to advance the methods informing the transport equity policy agenda by conducting an empirical investigation of disparities in capabilities based on Sen's Capability Approach. This is done by identifying which resources and characteristics among those aged 65–79 are associated with fewer opportunities relative to their peers. By focusing on capabilities (instead of proxies), the disparities reflecting equity concerns can be more clearly depicted. The research material comprises 1149 interviews with those living in Sweden's large metropolitan regions: Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Several analyses were developed in order to address the research questions: a multivariate multinomial logistic regression, multivariate binary logistic regressions and a basic analysis of frequencies. Clear links were identified between social resources, holding a driving license, access to public transport, income, health condition and age and capabilities. These results call for a greater focus on capabilities in travel surveys and a more fine-grained approach to equity analyses and policies by accounting for intersectionality effects. As such, more targeted and holistic policy measures can be developed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019. Vol. 79, p. 177-192
Keywords [en]
Transport equity, Older people, Capability approach, Mobility, Transport, Sweden
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-20418DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.04.016ISI: 000472697100015Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85065850804OAI: oai:DiVA.org:vti-20418DiVA, id: diva2:1844111
Note

Research funding provided by K2 – The Swedish Knowledge Centre for Public Transport.

Available from: 2024-03-13 Created: 2024-03-13 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Towards a capability approach to mobility: An analysis of disparities in mobility opportunities among older people
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards a capability approach to mobility: An analysis of disparities in mobility opportunities among older people
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Older people represent a greater proportion of the population than ever before. In Sweden, one in five is now aged 65 and above, and more than one in seven is aged 65-79. This demographic change has challenged and will challenge society, presenting sizeable tasks for the transport sector. These challenges have forced and will force us to question the ways in which we approach and tackle the policy, planning, design and provision of services for an expanding and ever-varying proportion of older people and a changing demographic composition. 

The focus for this thesis is on those aged 65-79. This age group represents those who are in the young-old life stage, or what can be described as the earlier stages of later life. This age range signifies the time during which most people transition from working life to retirement, adjusting to a different set of financial circumstances, a different set of daily activities and often, deteriorating health. 

Several studies have shown that, as people age, they tend to change the ways in which they travel. In the Nordic context in particular, there is a long history and large inventory of research concerning the travel of older people. However, few have approached such issues from a transport equity perspective – a perspective inherent in this thesis.

The results from this thesis highlight the differences in potential mobility among the young-old living in Sweden’s large metropolitan regions. The methods used complement one another, and uncover concerns and connections which may have been hidden had just one type of method been used. The dissatisfaction and limitations that can arise from having insufficient modal options in later life are highlighted. Combining and coordinating transport services and the location and provision of other important services in an integrated manner could effect change with respect to the capability to carry out everyday activities of value for this age group.

Abstract [sv]

I många Europeiska länder idag utgör äldre människor en större andel av befolkningen än någonsin tidigare. I Sverige är en av fem personer 65 år eller äldre, och fler än var sjunde person ligger inom åldersspannet 65-79. Denna demografiska förändring har inneburit och kommer fortsättningsvis innebära en stor utmaning för samhället. Till exempel påverkas transportsektorn, då vi tvingas ifrågasätta hur vi betraktar policy, planering och utformning av tjänster åt en växande och ständigt varierande andel äldre människor samt en föränderlig demografisk sammansättning.

Fokus i den här avhandlingen ligger på äldre personer i åldersspannet 65-79 år. Den här gruppen kännetecknas av den s.k. yngre-äldre-livsfasen, eller vad som kan beskrivas som ett tidigt stadie av ’ålderdom’. Denna livsfas innebär för de allra flesta en övergång från arbetsliv till pensionering, en tid då många också anpassar sig efter nya ekonomiska förutsättningar, nya rutiner och ofta försämrad hälsa.

Ändrade livsvillkor påverkar ofta vårt beteende. Flera studier har visat att människor tenderar att ändra hur de reser medan de åldras. I Norden finns det en lång historia och ett brett register av forskning rörande äldre människors resbeteende. Däremot har få studier betraktat dessa frågor från ett transporträttviseperspektiv – ett perspektiv som därför särskilt genomsyrar denna avhandling.

Dessa resultat belyser skillnaderna i potentiellt resande bland de yngre-äldre boende i Sveriges storstadsområden. Metoderna som använts kompletterar varandra, och belyser frågeställningar och samband som vore mindre synliga om endast en typ av metod hade använts. Personer i denna livsfas har poängterat den upplevda otillfredsställelse och de begränsningar som infinner sig när tillräckligt antal färdmedelsalternativ saknas. Att kombinera och koordinera transporttjänster i samklang med en integrerad samhällsplanering, vilken beaktar var och hur viktiga målpunkter i form av service och tjänster görs tillgängliga, skulle kunna göra skillnad när det gäller möjligheten att genomföra vardagliga aktiviteter av värde bland yngre-äldre.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lund: Lund University, 2019. p. 131
Series
Bulletin – Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Technology and Society, ISSN 1653-1930 ; 312
Keywords
Mobility, Ageing, Transport equity, Capability Approach, Public transport, Cycling, Older people
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-20433 (URN)9789178950027 (ISBN)9789178950034 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-03-22, Lecture Hall V:A, V-Building, John Ericssons väg 1, Lund, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-03-26 Created: 2024-03-13 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved

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