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Cycle paths’ degradation processes and surface condition assessment
Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Infrastructure, Infrastructure maintenance. Byggnadsmaterial, KTH, Sverige.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0334-9940
2023 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A smooth surface with good friction on the cycle path is not only important for the traffic safety of the cyclists but also for their comfort and level of service. Potholes, cracks, and bumps are frequent obstructions on the cycle paths. These are all maintenance-related deficiencies associated with the degradation of the structure. In general, the knowledge on degradation of roads is good, as there is a long tradition of investigation into the degradation factors. Cycle paths, even though constructed with similar materials and techniques as the roads, are however not designed in the same way as roads, mainly since they will not be subjected to the same traffic load. Thus, one purpose of this licentiate thesis is to identify degradation factors specific for cycle paths, through a state-of-the-art literature study.

The literature review is complemented by two papers, where Paper A analyses the distress found on Swedish municipal cycle paths and Paper B evaluates a novel method for condition assessments on cycle paths related to cycling comfort—the Bicycle Measurement Trailer. The review and papers are meant to act as the basis for the general aim of the PhD-project, namely, to develop more knowledge on the degradation of cycle paths. This knowledge is needed to improve the structural design approaches and maintenance strategies for cycle paths and to give guidance for preventive measures to inhibit degradation.

Abstract [sv]

En slät yta, med god friktion, på cykelbanan är inte bara viktig för cyklisternas trafiksäkerhet, utan för deras komfort och framkomlighet. Potthål, sprickor och ojämnheter är vanliga hinder på cykelvägarna. Dessa underhållsrelaterade brister är direkt kopplade till nedbrytningen av cykelvägarna. Generellt sett är kunskapen om nedbrytning av vägar god då det finns en lång tradition av forskning kring nedbrytningsprocesserna. Cykelvägar, även om de är byggda med liknande material och tekniker som vägarna, är dock inte dimensionerade på samma sätt som vägar då de inte utsätts för samma trafikbelastning. Ett syfte med denna licentiatuppsats är således att identifiera nedbrytningsfaktorer som är specifika för cykelvägar.

En ”state-of-the-art” litteraturstudie kompletteras av två artiklar, där Paper A analyserar de skador som återfinns på svenska kommunala cykelvägar och Paper B utvärderar en ny metod, Cykelmätvagnen, för tillståndsbedömningar på cykelvägar, relaterat till cykelkomfort. Litteraturstudien och artiklarna är tänkta att ligga till grund för doktorandprojektets övergripande syfte, nämligen att utveckla mer kunskap om cykelvägars nedbrytning. Denna kunskap behövs för att förbättra de strukturella dimensioneringsprinciperna och underhållsstrategierna för cykelvägar och ge vägledning för förebyggande åtgärder som motverkar deras nedbrytning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. , p. 95
Keywords [en]
construction design, cycle paths, degradation, distress modes, maintenance, municipalities, survey, cycling comfort, road surface measurements, surface evenness, surface texture
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19589ISBN: 978-91-8040-510-2 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:vti-19589DiVA, id: diva2:1742101
Presentation
2023-03-21, B3, Brinellvägen 23, KTH Campus, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, DIA 2016/28Swedish Transport Administration, 2021/79526Swedish Transport Administration, 2021/23527Available from: 2023-03-08 Created: 2023-03-08 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Degradation of Cycle Paths: a Survey in Swedish Municipalities
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Degradation of Cycle Paths: a Survey in Swedish Municipalities
2022 (English)In: CivilEng, ISSN 2673-4109, Vol. 3, no 2, p. 184-210Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

There is a need to move society in a sustainable direction. One way to contribute to this move is to change to more sustainable transport modes, such as cycling. To increase cycling, the infrastructure is important, and good quality cycle paths are needed. However, little is known about the degradation of cycle paths. This paper aims to investigate what modes of pavement distress are found on municipal cycle paths in Sweden, and what probable mechanisms lie behind such distress; these are determined based on questions from a state-of-practice survey, interviews, and a literature review. The main findings are that the most commonly stated distress modes are surface unevenness followed by longitudinal cracks, and the most commonly stated causes of distress are ageing, followed by structural interventions, and roots and vegetation. The results also show that for several distress modes, there are probable connections with climatic factors such as temperature and moisture, as well as with the population size of the urban areas. Objective data are needed regarding traffic load and the climatic factors that affect cycle paths, along with information on their structural design, to better understand their degradation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19428 (URN)10.3390/civileng3020012 (DOI)2-s2.0-85145274873 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-01-23 Created: 2023-01-23 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
2. Condition assessment of cycle path texture and evenness using a bicycle measurement trailer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Condition assessment of cycle path texture and evenness using a bicycle measurement trailer
Show others...
2023 (English)In: The international journal of pavement engineering, ISSN 1029-8436, E-ISSN 1477-268X, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 2262085Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cyclists’ riding comfort, related to pavement texture and unevenness, has not been thourougly investigated, partly due to the lack of condition assessment methods specifically adapted to the speed and space limits on cycle paths. Metrics that better describe the perceived comfort of cyclists, rather than that of car users, are needed. In this paper a novel method, the Bicycle Measurement Trailer (BMT), is proposed to bridge this gap. Eight different cycle path surface types have been assessed with regards to pavement texture and for four of these surfaces the longitudinal evenness was assessed. The accuracy and repeatability of the BMT were evaluated. Finally, five different metrics (Dynamic Comfort Index, Evenness Coefficient, 0.5 m Straight Edge, International Roughness Index and Root Mean Square), were calculated from the collected data and assessed. The main findings suggest that the BMT has a high accuracy at normal and high cycling speeds and a high level of repeatability at normal cycling speed. The surfaces could be ranked according to texture, and the evenness was successfully analysed. In conclusion, the BMT could be a valuable tool to assess the cycle path surface condition in relation to bicycle riding comfort.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2023
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-20006 (URN)10.1080/10298436.2023.2262085 (DOI)001080147500001 ()2-s2.0-85173615478 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, 021/79526Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, DIA 2016/28Swedish Transport Administration, 021/23527
Available from: 2023-11-16 Created: 2023-11-16 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved

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Larsson, Martin

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