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Carlén, Björn
Publications (10 of 10) Show all publications
Mandell, S. & Carlén, B. (2014). Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel: sammanfattande rapport. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel: sammanfattande rapport
2014 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Land based freight transports, climate and policy : summary report
Abstract [sv]

I denna rapport diskuterar vi flera dimensioner av hur växthusgaserna från godstransportsektorn ska kunna minskas. Till exempel diskuterar vi införandet av så kallade Gröna korridorer och förslår verktyg för att lösa de komplexa koordinationsproblem som uppstår i dessa korridorer. Vidare diskuterar vi hur man ska se på de klimatpolitiska konsekvenserna av överflyttning från väg till järnväg eller elektrifierade fordon på väg. Vi visar att konsekvenserna av en sådan överflyttning beror på den energi- och klimatpolitiska kontexten. En stor del av rapporten fokuserar på hur godstransportsektorn kan tänkas svara på ekonomiska klimatstyrmedel. Godstransportmarknaden uppvisar en rad specifika egenskaper och förhållanden som skulle kunna innebära att den reagerar annorlunda än vad andra typer av marknader gör.

Abstract [en]

In this report, we discuss greenhouse gas emissions from freight transport and how they could be reduced. We address these questions from several different angles. For example, we discuss the introduction of so-called green corridors and propose tools to solve the complex coordination problems that are associated with these corridors. Furthermore, we discuss how to view the climate change impact from shifting road to rail or electrified vehicles on road. We show that the consequences of such a shift depend on the energy- and climate policy context. The major part of the report focuses on how the freight transport sector might respond to economic climate policy instruments. Freight market exhibits a number of specific characteristics that could imply that it reacts differently than other types of markets do.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2014. p. 61
Series
VTI rapport, ISSN 0347-6030 ; 831
Keywords
Freight transport, Greenhouse gas, Carbon dioxide, Emission control, Policy, Method, Tax, External effect, Environment protection, EU, Sweden
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
10 Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, 15 Road: Environment; 00 Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, 02 Road: Economics; J00 Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, J11 Railway: Environment; J00 Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, J13 Railway: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-7414 (URN)
Available from: 2014-11-07 Created: 2014-11-07 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Carlén, B., Hultkrantz, L., Liu, X., Lunander, A., Mandell, S., Mellin, A., . . . Vierth, I. (2014). Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel: underlagsrapporter 1-10. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel: underlagsrapporter 1-10
Show others...
2014 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Land based freight transports, climate and policy : underlying reports 1-10
Abstract [sv]

VTI notat 28-2014 innehåller de tio underlagsrapporter som ligger till grund för VTI rapport 831: ”Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel – Sammanfattande rapport”. I VTI rapport 831 diskuterar forskarna flera dimensioner av hur växthusgaserna från godstransportsektorn ska kunna minskas, till exempel med hjälp av så kallade Gröna korridorer. Vidare diskuteras hur man ska se på de klimatpolitiska konsekvenserna av överflyttning från väg till järnväg eller elektrifierade fordon på väg.

Abstract [en]

VTI notat 28-2014 contains the ten underlying reports which is the base for VTI report 831: “Land based freight transports, climate and policy – Summary report”. In VTI report 831, the researchers discuss greenhouse gas emissions from freight transport and how they could be reduced. They address these questions from several different angles. For example, they discuss the introduction of so-called green corridors and propose tools to solve the complex coordination problems that are associated with these corridors. Furthermore, there is a discussion on how to view the climate change impact from shifting road to rail or electrified vehicles on road.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2014. p. 196
Series
VTI notat ; 28-2014
Keywords
Freight transport, Emission control, Greenhouse gas, External effect, Policy, Tax, Rail bound transport, Road transport
National Category
Economics
Research subject
00 Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, 02 Road: Economics; 10 Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, 12 Road: Freight transport; 10 Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, 15 Road: Environment; J00 Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, J05 Railway: Freight transport; J00 Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, J11 Railway: Environment; J00 Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, J13 Railway: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-7494 (URN)
Note

Contents: 1 - . 2. On assessing climate effects of electrifying the transport sector. Björn Carlén and Svante Mandell. Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm. Working papers in transport economics, 2012:11. 3. Design of a combinatorial bidding market for Green Corridor freight. Lars Hultkrantz and Anders Lunander. Working Papers, School of Business, Örebro University, No 2013:6. 4. Why do CO2 emissions from road freight transports increase in spite of higher fuel prices? Inge Vierth. Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm. Working papers in Transport Economics, 2013:4. 5 Freight transport, policy instruments and the climate. Svante Mandell, Jan-Eric Nilsson and Inge Vierth. Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm. Working papers in Transport Economics, 2014:5. 6. The role of contractual and non-contractual relations between transport buyers and providers, in an environmental context. Anna Mellin and Edith Sorkina. Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm. Working papers in Transport Economics, 2013:5. 7. – . 8. Estimating the additionality of the Swedish climate investment subsidy program KLIMP using sample-selection model. Xing Liu. 2013. 9. Estimating value of time savings for freight transport: a simultaneous decision model of transport mode choice and shipment size. Xing Liu. 2013. 10. Effects from consistent internalization of external effects from transport and manufacturing: a CGE analysis for Sweden. Xing Liu and Lars Bohlin. 2012

Available from: 2015-01-26 Created: 2015-01-26 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Carlén, B. (2014). Värdering av koldioxidutsläpp från svenska transporter: en kommentar. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Värdering av koldioxidutsläpp från svenska transporter: en kommentar
2014 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Valuation of carbon dioxide emissions from Swedish transports : a comment
Abstract [sv]

I denna rapport analyseras problemet kring hur man ska värdera svenska koldioxidutsläpp med hänsyn till EU:s klimatpolitiska ramverk. När någon aktör under EU:s utsläppstak ökar sina utsläpp måste någon annan minska sina utsläpp i motsvarande mån. Eftersom de totala utsläppen härigenom konstanthålls, uppstår inte någon ytterligare klimateffekt och den så kallade skadekostnadsansatsen förlorar därmed sin relevans för dessa utsläpp. Däremot tar någon annan på sig ytterligare minskningskostnader. Det är dessa kostnader som är de samhällsekonomiska konsekvenserna av ökade utsläpp, exempelvis till följd av ökad trafik i Sverige, och det är dessa som forskarna försökt att skatta i denna rapport.

Abstract [en]

In this report the researcher discusses the problem of assessing the value of Swedish carbon dioxide emissions, given the EU’s climate policy architecture. An important implication of the EU’s emission targets is that when an agent increases its emissions some other agent has to abate correspondingly more so that the aggregate emissions are kept at the target level. Thus, such an emission increment does not increase the risk for climate change. Hereby the approach of valuating carbon emission by assessing the environmental damage has lost its relevance for these emissions. On the other hand, someone else has to bear additional abatement costs. These costs are the economic consequences of increased emissions, e.g. due to increased traffic in Sweden, and those that we are trying to assess here. These costs may be seen as the marginal political valuation of carbon dioxide emissions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2014. p. 27
Series
VTI rapport, ISSN 0347-6030 ; 835
Keywords
Carbon dioxide, Emission, Value analysis, Social cost, Tax, Trade, EU, Emission control, Air pollution
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
10 Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, 15 Road: Environment; 00 Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, 02 Road: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-7436 (URN)
Available from: 2014-12-03 Created: 2014-12-03 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Carlén, B. (2013). EU-kommissionens konsekvensanalys av EU:s Färdplan för transportsektorn: en granskning. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>EU-kommissionens konsekvensanalys av EU:s Färdplan för transportsektorn: en granskning
2013 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
A review of the EU Commission’s impact assessment of the roadmap for transportation
Abstract [sv]

På uppdrag av Statens energimyndighet har VTI granskat EU-kommissionens konsekvensanalys av EU:s färdplan för transportsektorn och kan konstatera att analysen uppvisar brister. Målet är att EU:s inhemska växthusgasutsläpp ska ha minskat med 80 procent år 2050 jämfört med 1990. För transportsektorns del är målet en 60-procentig minskning. EU:s färdplan ska föreslå en politik som leder till måluppfyllelse. Granskningen som redovisas i VTI notat 34-2013 omfattar en diskussion kring: (a) de uppsatta målen för EU och för transportsektorn utifrån ett kostnadseffektivitetsperspektiv, (b) konsistensen och allsidigheten i kommissionens analyser (c) möjligheten till att utforma mer kostnadseffektiva styrmedels- och åtgärdspaket samt (d) behovet av ytterligare konsekvensanalyser. Rapporten konstaterar att kommissionens konsekvensanalys för transportsektorn uppvisar brister. Analysen är inte transparent nog för att man fullt ut ska förstå vad som sker och driver resultaten. Det går inte att finna någon tydlig redovisning av vilka koldioxidpriser som krävs för att nå 60 procentsbetinget i det ”prisbaserade policyalternativet”. Den redovisar inte heller effektsambanden mellan FoU och utsläpp respektive fysisk planering och utsläpp. Dessutom omfattar inte konsekvensanalyserna alla relevanta kostnader och därför blir analyserna räkneexempel med begränsat värde. Kanske mest allvarligt är att Kommissionen föreslår en politik som innebär att EU:s transportsektor skulle möta ett pris på koldioxidutsläpp som är betydligt lägre än det pris som antas för resten av världen. Dessutom definierar Färdplanen ett policypaket som tycks innehålla stora investeringar/åtgärder som inte utan vidare kan kopplas till uppgiften att på ett kostnadseffektivt vis minska växthusgasutsläppen. Det är med andra ord inte svårt att konstruera mer kostnadseffektiva policypaket än de som Kommissionen konsekvensanalyserat. Vidare är det svårt att värja sig från tanken att klimatfrågan här kidnappats för att driva igenom projekt som inte har någon större effekt eller kanske till och med ökar utsläppen. När det är dags för nästa utvärdering är risken därför stor att vi kommer att observera att transportsektorn inte heller denna gång har utvecklats enligt den vision som målades upp i vitboken för transportsektorn.

Abstract [en]

 The background is that the EU has articulated an ambition to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions with 80 per cent to the year 2050, relative the level of 1990. The transport sector has hereby been given a target to reduce its emissions by 60 percent. The objective for the “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area” is to propose a policy that attains this target. The review comprises a discussion about (a) the stated emission targets for the whole EU and for the transport sector from a cost-effectiveness perspective, (b) whether the Commission’s analyses are consistent and comprehensive, (c) the scope for designing more cost-effective policy packages, and (d) the need for additional assessments. The Commission’s assessment for the transport sector is defective. It is not sufficiently transparent for the reader to fully understand the results and their drivers. It is not possible to find a clear accounting for the carbon prices that are needed for attaining the 60 percent target level in the “price based” policy scenario. And, the reader is not given a clear presentation of the assumed dose-response relationships between R&D and emissions as well as physical planning and emissions. Furthermore, the assessment does not comprise all relevant cost components, resulting in that the analysis become examples with limited values. Perhaps most grave is the circumstance that the Commission proposes a policy package implying that the transport sector within the EU would meet a carbon price that lies substantially below the price level assumed for the rest of the world. In addition, the Roadmap defines a policy package that seems to contain several large investments/projects that not easily can be associated with the objective of reducing greenhouse-gases in cost-effective way. It is not difficult to construct more cost-effective policy packages. In some instances it is difficult to avoid the thought that the climate problem has been hijacked in order to motivate the implementation of projects or undertaking of investments that have only small effects on the emissions or even increase them. Thus, when it is time for the next evaluation of the EU’s transport policy the risk is substantial that we have to observe that the transport sector once again has developed along other lines than the one outlined in the White Paper for the transport sector.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2013. p. 28
Series
VTI notat ; 34-2013
Keywords
Greenhouse gas, Carbon dioxide, Emission control, Policy, EU, Impact study, Cost, Cost-effectiveness
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Research subject
10 Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, 15 Road: Environment; 00 Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, 02 Road: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-397 (URN)
Available from: 2013-11-27 Created: 2013-11-27 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Johansson, A., Carlén, B., Mellin, A. & Pyddoke, R. (2013). Förslag till Nationell plan för transportsystemet 2014–2025: kvalitetsgranskning av underlaget med fokus på samhällsekonomi. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Förslag till Nationell plan för transportsystemet 2014–2025: kvalitetsgranskning av underlaget med fokus på samhällsekonomi
2013 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Proposal for a new national transport plan 2014–2025 : review of the proposal focusing on impact assessment and cost benefit analysis
Abstract [sv]

I juni 2013 redovisade Trafikverket ett förslag till trafikslagsövergripande plan för transportsystemets utveckling under åren 2014–2025. Trafikanalys har regeringens uppdrag att granska beslutsunderlaget för denna plan och VTI har bistått med underlag för enskilda objekt. VTI har också getts i uppdrag att analysera hur de enskilda objektens underlag kan ha påverkat sammansättningen av vilka objekt som ingår i planförslaget. En viktig iakttagelse är att det i planunderlaget saknas en beskrivning och motivering till de övergripande prioriteringar som gjorts. Det är därför inte möjligt att göra en bedömning om planförslaget är utformat på ett sätt som följer de instruktioner som regeringen gett i sina direktiv. Det är inte heller troligt att de underlag vi analyserat haft annat än en relativt liten inverkan på planens sammansättning. Detta då den antalsmässiga och kostnadsmässiga andelen nya åtgärder som prioriterats in i planen verkar vara ytterst liten. VTI har i arbetet översiktligt granskat beslutsunderlagen för ett urval av enskilda åtgärder, framför allt de samlade effektbedömningar som enligt regeringens direktiv ska redovisas för alla namngivna investeringsobjekt som föreslås i planen. VTI har vidare översiktligt studerat redovisade metodbeskrivningar för ett antal områden. När det gäller beslutsunderlaget för enskilda åtgärder är det positivt att ytterligare steg tagits mot att göra dessa jämförbara. Dels genom att nu tydligt specificera vilka parametrar, kalkylvärden med mera som ska och har legat till grund för analyserna, dels genom att förse de som upprättar de samlade effektbedömningarna med instruktioner kring viktiga aspekter som ska redovisas och hur. Trots detta kan VTI se variationer i hur dokumenten fylls i och framför allt saknas en hel del information. Exempel på det förra är hur icke prissatta effekter hanteras. Exempel på det senare är att det saknas information om vilka alternativa åtgärder som inte kvalificerat sig för vidare analys respektive information om den studerade åtgärdens beroende till andra åtgärder.

Abstract [en]

In June 2013, the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) presented a proposal for a new plan for the development of the transport system between 2014 and 2025. This new national transport plan (NTP) was a result of a government commission received in December 2012. The agency Transport Analysis (Trafikanalys) has been commissioned by the government to review the proposal and the associated documents that form the basis for decision about the plan. VTI has assisted Trafikanalys in their review. VTI has mainly focused on the documents describing the so called overall impact assessment, including results from cost benefit analyses, for individual investments. VTI has also studied how the overall impact assessments for individual investments have been considered in the construction of the proposal for a new NTP. One important observation concerning the proposal for a new NTP is that descriptions and motivations for the overall priorities being made are absent. As a result, it is not possible to state whether or not the construction of the proposed NTP follows the given directions from the government. Further, VTI comes to the conclusion that the analyzed impact assessments for individual investments have had a small effect on the composition of the NTP. This is implied by the fact that the number of new investment measures that has been prioritized is extremely low. When it comes to the impact assessments and the cost benefit analyses for individual investments, VTI can see a development towards more comparable analyses by clearly stating used parameters, calculation values, etcetera, and by providing instructions on how to carry out the analyses and how to present the results, a development that is positive. However, despite these standardization efforts, VTI notes that the documentation varies between projects. Steps of the assessment are handled differently, for example there is a variation in how non-priced effects are handled in the analyses, and requested information is missing, for example requested information about which measures are not qualified for the analysis and if there exists any interdependence between the analyzed measure and other proposed measures in the NTP.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2013. p. 29
Series
VTI notat ; 37-2013
Keywords
Transport infrastructure, Long term, Planning, Investment, Decision process, Impact study, Cost benefit analysis, Forecast, Calculation, Evaluation (assessment)
National Category
Economics
Research subject
Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, Railway: Economics; Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, Road: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-6772 (URN)
Available from: 2014-02-11 Created: 2014-02-11 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Carlén, B. & Hernández, A. (2013). Indexing European carbon taxes to the EU ETS Permit Price: a good idea?. Stockholm: CTS
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Indexing European carbon taxes to the EU ETS Permit Price: a good idea?
2013 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We study an environmental policy that (i) tax some emitters while others are covered by a cap-and-trade system and (ii) index the tax level to the permit price. Such a policy could be attractive in a world where abatement costs are uncertain and the regulator has information about the correlation between the cost shocks to the two groups. We show that this index policy yields lower expected social cost than the policy mix studied in Mandell (2008). The value of indexing is higher the stronger the correlation is, the steeper the marginal abatement benefit curve is, and the more uncertain we are about the taxed sector’s abatement costs. The index policy may also outperform the uniform policy alternatives emission tax and cap-and-trade system. The conditions for this are more restrictive, though. Given parameter values plausible for the European climate change policy context, expected net-gains are small or negative.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: CTS, 2013. p. 28
Series
CTS Working Paper ; 2013:33
Keywords
Carbon dioxide, Tax, Emission control, Trade, Calculation, Mathematical model
National Category
Economics
Research subject
00 Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, 02 Road: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-401 (URN)
Available from: 2013-11-27 Created: 2013-11-27 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Carlén, B. & Mandell, S. (2012). On assessing climate effects of electrifying the transport sector. Stockholm: Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm, Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-WoPEc, Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On assessing climate effects of electrifying the transport sector
2012 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Shifting transportation to electrified modes, e.g., rail, is a politically attractive way of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. There is a vivid debate about the effects such a shift has on GHG emission and how these should be assessed and appraised. We argue that this debate largely originates from differences in how the debaters characterize the situation at hand, in particular how markets are organized and which policy instruments are in place. To shed light on this, we start by identifying the appropriate assessment approach in a hypothetical situation without any climate or energy policies and then gradually add realistic circumstances into the equation. Our main conclusion is that evaluating the climate impacts from a transportation shift is a highly complex task in the initial situation. The closer we move towards a climate-policy architecture of the current EU-type, the simpler the task becomes. Given a comprehensive global climate treaty, there is no need for any special treatment of the GHG effects since all relevant effects then would be internalized in producer and consumer prices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm, Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-WoPEc, Scandinavian Working Papers in Economics, 2012. p. 19
Series
CTS Working Paper ; 2012:11
Keywords
Emission, Greenhouse gas, Railway track, Investment, Electricity, Cost benefit analysis, Policy
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, Railway: Economics; Railway: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, Railway: Environment
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-665 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Björklund, G. & Carlén, B. (2012). Värdering av restidsbesparingar vid cykelresor. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Värdering av restidsbesparingar vid cykelresor
2012 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Valuation of travel time savings in bicycle trips
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrunden till föreliggande studie är att Trafikverket vill utveckla samhällsekonomiska kalkylmetoder för cykelåtgärder, bland annat för att kunna jämföra den samhällsekonomiska lönsamheten av sådana med den för andra åtgärder, till exempel väginvesteringar. En tung post i sådana kalkyler är ofta restidsvärdet. Syftet med studien är att skatta restidsvärden för cykelresor som är geografiskt generaliserbara över landet. Vidare görs ett försök att analysera effekterna av cyklisters hälsomedvetenhet på restidsvärderingen och om möjligt föreslå en dekomponering av restidsvärdet i hälsoeffekt respektive övrigt tidsvärde/bekvämlighetsvärde. I rapporten redovisas en teoretisk modell samt inledande analyser och skattningar av restidsvärden som gjorts utifrån materialet. Resultaten visar att det finns en skillnad i storlek på restidsvärdet beroende på om respondenterna har bil eller kollektivtrafik som alternativt färdmedel till cykel. Ett annat resultat är att restidsvärdet tenderar att minska ju mindre riskfylld och obekväm cykelvägen är, främst vid förflyttning från blandtrafik/cykelfält till cykelbana (invid väg eller ej i anslutning till väg). Studien indikerar även att personer som inte tar med hälsoaspekter i deras val att cykla har högre restidsvärden än personer som anser att hälsoaspekter är av betydelse. Störst effekt verkar hälsoaspekten ha vid cykling på cykelbana. En slående aspekt av de skattningar som gjorts är att respondenterna (som är cyklister) uppgav svar som resulterade i restidsvärden för cykel som vida överskrider motsvarande värden för det alternativa färdmedlet. Även om värdena är höga så ligger de någorlunda i linje med tidigare studier, i varje fall när det gäller personer med kollektivtrafik som alternativt färdmedel till cykel.

Abstract [en]

The background to this study is that the Swedish Transport Administration wants to develop methods for benefit-cost analyses of infrastructure investments for bicycling. An important item in such appraisals is often the travel time value. The aim of this study is to estimate travel time values for bicycle travel that is geographically generalizable across the country. Further, an attempt is made to analyse the effects of bicyclists’

health awareness on the travel time value and, if possible, propose a decomposition of the travel time value in two parts: health effects and time value/comfort value. The report presents a theoretical model and preliminary analyses based on the data material. The results show that there is a difference in the size of the travel time value depending on whether the respondents have car or public transport as alternative modes to bicycle.

Another result is that the travel time value tended to decrease the less risky and uncomfortable the bike path was, mainly when moving from mixed traffic/bicycle field in the road way to bicycle lane (next to the road or not in connection with the road). The study also indicates that people who do not take health aspects into considerations in their choice of cycling have higher travel time values than people who believe that

health aspects are important. Health aspects seem to have the greatest effect when riding on a bike lane. A striking aspect of the estimates is that the respondents (who all are bicyclists) reported answers that resulted in travel time values for bicycle that far exceeded the corresponding values for the alternative mode of transport. Although the values are high, they are in line with previous studies, at least when it comes to people with public transport as alternative mode to bicycle.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2012. p. 40
Series
VTI notat ; 26-2012
Keywords
Cycling, Cyclist, Journey time, Value analysis, Health, Stated preference, Cykling, Cyklister, Restid, Värdeanalys, Hälsa, Stated preference
National Category
Economics
Research subject
Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, Road: Cycling, walking and moped transport; Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, Road: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-589 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Carlén, B. & Mandell, S. (2011). Climate effects of electrifying the transport sector: Principles and the case of Sweden. Stockholm: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Climate effects of electrifying the transport sector: Principles and the case of Sweden
2011 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This paper discusses principles for identifying and appraising the impact on GHG (green house gases) emissions from electrifying transportation. We are primarily interested in the road-to-rail case, but the principles apply to other cases as well, both inside and outside the transportation sector. The underlying motive for the paper is an ongoing debate regarding how and to what extent investments in rail infrastructure influences GHG emissions and how to adequately consider the effects in cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) of such investments. Various approaches have been proposed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2011. p. 18
Keywords
Emission, Greenhouse gas, Railway track, Investment, Electricity, Cost benefit analysis, Policy
National Category
Energy Systems
Research subject
Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, Road: Environment; Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, Road: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5363 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
Bohm, P. & Carlén, B. (1999). Emission Quota Trade among the Few: Laboratory Evidence of Joint Implementation among Committed Countries. Resources and Energy Economics, 21(1), 43-66
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Emission Quota Trade among the Few: Laboratory Evidence of Joint Implementation among Committed Countries
1999 (English)In: Resources and Energy Economics, ISSN 0928-7655, E-ISSN 1873-0221, Vol. 21, no 1, p. 43-66Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The laboratory tests reported here were conducted in preparation for a unique experiment using real-world relevant decision makers. The purpose was to identify a well-functioning design, tailored for carbon emission reduction trade among four countries committed to binding carbon emission limits, a form of so-called joint implementation. As explained in the paper, the design was required to promote high trade efficiency and limited scope for arbitrage. All of the designs tested reached high levels of efficiency (87-99%), which is noteworthy given the small number of traders. Attempts to adjust the design to reduce or eliminate arbitrage were successful in the final test rounds.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
The Netherlands: Elsevier, 1999
Keywords
Air pollution, Carbon dioxide, Emission, Policy, Trade
National Category
Economics
Research subject
Road: General works, surveys, comprehensive works, Road: Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-330 (URN)10.1016/S0928-7655(98)00033-5 (DOI)
Available from: 2013-11-25 Created: 2013-11-25 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
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