Hamnar är viktiga knutpunkter i transportsystemet. Klimatmål och energiomställningen driver på elektrifiering. Elektrifieringen av hamnverksamhet, fartyg och landtransporter innebär ett kraftigt ökat elbehov. Dock är det utmanande att bedöma framtida effekt- och energibehov, vilket försvårar för hamnar i sin planering av infrastrukturuppgraderingar och investeringar.  I detta projekt har det analytiska verktyget HELP – Hamnars ElPlaneringsverktyg utvecklats för att fungera som ett översiktligt planerings- och dialogstöd för hamnar i omställningen mot en mer eldriven och fossilfri framtid. Verktyget har tagits fram i Excel och utvecklats i nära samarbete med hamnar för att säkerställa användarvänlighet och praktisk tillämpbarhet och möjlighet att anpassa till lokala behov.  

HELP är avsett att stödja tidiga analyser, jämförelser och diskussioner kring framtida elbehov och åtgärdsalternativ, men ska inte användas som eller ersätta detaljerade investerings-, projekterings- eller dimensioneringsunderlag. Verktyget finns tillgängligt fritt nedladdningsbart på projekthemsidan. En användarguide har också tagits fram för att öka användarvänligheten.  Verktyget sammanställer elförbrukning, effekttoppar och CO2e-utsläpp. Viktiga komponenter i verktyget är utrustning (maskiner), mätpunkter och landströmsbehov från fartyg. Det finns också en schemaläggningsmodul vilket gör att hamnar kan justera när el behövs vilket påverkar effekttoppar. För att hantera osäkerheter i förväntad elbehov tillhandahåller verktyget schablonvärden för beräkningar av energibehov, dels för utrustning, dels för fartygs behov av landström. 

Verktyget identifierar inte vilka lösningar eller vägval som hamnen bör ta. Däremot kan hamnen använda verktyget till att testa utfallet av olika åtgärder, t.ex. om en specifik utrustning byts ut jämfört med en annan. Genom att jämföra olika åtgärder, såsom elektrifiering av olika maskiner, ges beslutsunderlag för en omställningsplan för hamnen. Därmed kan hamnen använda verktyget för att prioritera mellan åtgärder samt som ett stöd i planering av när olika åtgärder ska genomföras.  Verktyget ger därmed alla svenska hamnar tillgång till en grundläggande analytisk struktur som stöd i sitt omställningsarbete och samordning och dialog mellan hamnar och elnätsföretag i takt med ökad elektrifiering. 

Ports are important hubs in the transport system. Climate goals and the energy transition drive electrification. The electrification of port operations, ships, and land transport lead to significantly increased electricity demand. However, it is challenging to assess future power and energy needs, which complicates planning for infrastructure upgrades and investments in ports. This report describes a project in which the analytical planning tool for electrification in ports – HELP –Hamnars ElPlaneringsverktyg (in Swedish) – has been developed to function as an overview planning and dialogue support for ports in the transition towards a more electric and fossil-free future. The tool was created in Excel and developed in close collaboration with ports to ensure user-friendliness, practical applicability, and adaptability to local needs.

HELP is intended to support early analyses, comparisons, and discussions regarding future electricity needs and alternative measures, but does not replace detailed investment, planning, or sizing documentation. The tool is freely available for download on the project’s website. To increase user-friendliness, a user guide has also been developed.  The tool compiles electricity consumption, peak power, and CO2e emissions. Important components of the tool are equipment, measurement points, and vessels’ shore power requirements. There is also a scheduling module, allowing ports to adjust when electricity is needed, which affects peak power. To manage uncertainties in expected electricity demand, the tool provides standard values for calculating energy needs, both for equipment and for vessels’ shore power requirements. 

The tool does not identify which solutions or courses of action the port should take. However, the port can use the tool to test the outcome of different measures, for example if a specific piece of equipment is replaced with another. By comparing different measures, such as the electrification of various machines, decision support is provided for a transition plan for the port. Thus, the port can use the tool to prioritize between measures as well as to support the planning of when different measures should be implemented As a result, Swedish ports will have access to a basic analytical structure to support their transition work as electrification increases, including coordination and dialogue between ports and electricity grid companies.

This dataset provides hourly commercial electricity prices for all locations in Sweden for 2019–2024; all prices are nominal. It combines wholesale market prices with local distribution network power tariffs in a reproducible processing pipeline. Wholesale electricity prices originate from the Nord Pool day‑ahead market and vary hourly in each of Sweden’s four bidding areas (SE1–SE4). Grid tariffs, by contrast, are determined by the local DSOs responsible for operating Sweden’s electricity distribution grids. As of 2025, 145 DSOs operate within 310 non‑overlapping network concession areas in Sweden, and each may determine distinct tariff structures. Grid tariff data were imported from the Swedish Energy Markets Inspectorate’s (EI’s) reporting entity (RE/REL) tables, covering fixed fees, energy-based charges, subscribed-capacity components, and high-load definitions for capacity-based commercial customers. Additional tariff attributes not explicitly encoded in EI’s workbook—such as high-load months and hours or capacity definitions—were collected from DSO websites and compiled in a structured JSON file. All data were cleaned, unit-normalized, time-aligned and organized using Python.

The resulting dataset includes hourly wholesale prices, harmonized tariff components, machine-readable tariff rules. The processing framework accepts either 24-hour template load profiles (expanded automatically to annual resolution) or full 8760-hour load profiles, enabling analysis that preserves seasonal and temporal variation.

The resource is designed to support reproducible electricity cost modeling, tariff structure evaluation, and scenario-based analyses of temporal and spatial variation in end user costs. All inputs, scripts, and outputs are openly provided to enable flexible reuse for different load profiles, study areas, and future data extensions.

This paper examines how electricity pricing structures influence the cost of flexible electricity demand in Sweden. Using an electric bus fleet operating within the Skövde municipal area as a case study, three charging scenarios are evaluated across the tariff structures of seven distribution system operators (DSOs). Wholesale electricity prices generally contribute more to electricity costs than grid fees; within grid tariffs, peak-related components dominate. Modest temporal load adjustments can yield measurable end-user cost savings, while grid-optimized charging may be penalized. Significant differences in tariff structures across adjacent DSO areas suggest the potential for spatial, as well as temporal, load flexibility. 

Räddningstjänsten är en central del av samhällets motståndskraft och är nära sammankopplad med transportsystemet. Tjänsterna måste vara tillgängliga överallt och när som helst, vilket ställer höga krav på enheternas rörlighet och fordonsflottans kapacitet. Övergången från förbränningsmotorer till fossilfria lösningar påverkar denna kapacitet. Vi presenterar ett angreppssätt för att ge räddningstjänster kvantitativt, evidensbaserat beslutsstöd för en fossilfri framtida fordonsflotta.

The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), in collaboration with their project partners in the FAACE project, has proposed four distinct charging solutions for electric aircraft. Thus, based on the proposed charging solutions, this paper focuses on exploring (1) different actors and evaluating their roles, (2) the relationship and dependencies of these actors, (3) value creation, capture, and delivery among the value chain, (4) cost assessment of mobile Megawatt Charging System (MCS) with energy storage.To address the research questions, we adopt a systems approach to analyze actor relationships, an innovation ecosystem approach to emphasize collaboration, and a business model innovation approach to explore value creation in the electric aircraft charging market. These theoretical frameworks help identify key players, partnerships, and new business opportunities.

This paper is based on a qualitative study conducted in a Swedish context. The research involved a multi-method approach, combining expert workshops, interviews, and document analysis. Two workshops were organized with key experts from several organizations, including Einride, Heart Aerospace, Luleå University, Swedavia, and VTI researchers. In addition to the workshops, interviews were planned with various actors and potential stakeholders. Furthermore, a comprehensive document analysis was conducted, reviewing relevant literature, policies, and reports to contextualize the findings from the workshops and interviews. This triangulation of methods helped ensure a rich and in-depth exploration of the research topic.

The study is ongoing; thus, the results of the cost assessment of a mobile MCS with an energy storage system and the evaluation of different actors’ roles in each charging solution are expected to be in the forthcoming months. However, at this point, the study has identified key ecosystem actors in the context of aircraft charging, including manufacturers, airports, energy providers, grid and battery owners, government agencies, and regulators.

Denna rapport utgör en kort sammanfattande slutrapportering av projektet Flexibel och automatiserad laddning via energilager på flygplatser (FAACE). För mer utförlig information refereras till projektetshuvudsakliga leverabler i form av publicerade rapporter och vetenskapliga artiklar.

Projektet FAACE har studerat hur framtidens flygplatsinfrastruktur kan utformas för att möta kravbilden från framtida flyg- och framdrivningsteknologi. Projektet har avgränsats till att fokusera påkoncept för laddning av batteridrivna elflygplan. Då det i dagsläget råder stora osäkerheter kring den tekniska, operationella och affärsmässiga utvecklingen av elflyg så är design för flexibilitet i flygplatsinfrastrukturen önskvärt. En specifik lösning som studeras utgörs av ett stationärt energilager i kombination med ett automatiserat fordon. Konceptet innebär flexibilitet i placering av bådeenergilager och uppställningsplats för elflygplan. Även problematik kring påverkan på det lokala elnätet kan undvikas. Vidare kan energilagret komma att bli en resurs för både flygplatsen och elnätet.

Inom projektet har ett antal tekniska koncept avseende laddinfrastruktur identifierats och utvärderas ur olika perspektiv, både avseende teknik och affärsmodeller och med såväl kvantitativa som kvalitativa metoder. För att sätta analysen av specifika laddinfrastrukturlösningar i en bredare kontext harprojektet även utforskat den möjliga framtida utvecklingen av flygplatsen som energihubb. Vidare harprojektets omfattning utvidgats genom att inkludera ett examensarbete för att undersöka hinder och nödvändiga förutsättningar för ett potentiellt framväxande ekosystem kring elflyg.

En huvudsaklig slutsats från projektet är att ingen enskild teknisk laddinfrastrukturlösning passar allaflygplatser. Valet av koncept bör baseras på flygplatsens storlek och elnätskapacitet, antal elflygplan och trafikmönster, behov av flexibilitet och framtida skalbarhet. Avseende elektromagnetiskkompatibilitet, så indikerar genomförda mätningar att huvudsaklig utstrålad emission härstammar från den enhet som innefattar den switchande elektroniken, med minimal påverkan från DC-kablage. Detta talar till fördel för att begränsa antalet laddningsstationer, antingen genom att placera dem mobilt eller genom att distribuera laddningsenergi från en central enhet via kablage.

The electrification of public bus fleets is a central step toward a sustainable transport system. As electric buses replace diesel vehicles, charging demand introduces new technical and economic challenges. Previous research has primarily focused on the potential for adjusting e-bus charging schedules to maintain high technical grid performance, such as avoiding high power flows or reducing congestion at the circuit level. These studies highlight the potential for charging strategies to support grid stability, but their primary emphasis is on technical feasibility rather than operator costs. This study shifts the perspective to the economic dimension, examining how national and local electricity tariffs influence the cost of electric bus charging. We focus on a cluster of nine municipalities in the Västra Götaland region of Sweden, located in the SE3 electricity bidding area. Wholesale prices in Sweden vary dynamically by hour, while local distribution system operators (DSOs) apply relatively static but diverse grid tariffs. These differences shape incentives for when and where buses should charge.

Renewable energy resources are widely available, yet they are unevenly distributed globally. In a renewable future, countries lacking high-quality renewable resources may choose to import energy from other countries. To assess the resource-dependent and techno-economic basis for global renewable energy trade and identify potential importers and exporters, this study introduces two new metrics: Renewable Export Cost Index (Cost Index) and Renewable Export Volume Index (Volume Index). These metrics are computed based on regional resource potential, domestic energy demand and varying financial costs across countries, without the need for any energy system modeling. By applying these two metrics to 165 countries/regions, we identify countries with significant potential for exporting renewable energy (e.g., the US, China) and those that lack the domestic resources to satisfy demand (e.g., South Korea, Japan). The Cost Index and Volume Index are validated through a separate analysis, employing a comprehensive energy system model for each country/region. 

The transition to low-carbon transportation necessitates a re-evaluation of resilience metrics. Current metrics, designed for a fossil-fuel-driven transport system and a centralized energy system, are inadequate for decentralized systems dependent on diverse energy sources. New transport fuels introduce new transport risks, including system integration challenges, peak loads, and grid disruptions. In addition, the interconnected nature of modern infrastructure can lead to cascading failures, underscoring the need for a comprehensive resilience framework. Previous studies stress the growing impact of climate change on infrastructure and the importance of integrating this into resilience planning. This study focuses on the adequacy of resilience metrics in a future decarbonized transport-energy system. It applies an analytical framework to existing resilience measures and proposes examples of metrics that could be useful in the future.

The study uses a multi-system dynamics (MSD) framework to evaluate system-level resilience in decarbonized transportation systems. The MSD framework considers transportation as a "system of systems," integrating transport modes, infrastructure components, and energy sources. In this approach, resilience is an emergent property at the system level, influenced by the interactions and dependencies among subsystems. The study employs scenario analysis and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to assess the economic impacts and benefits of resilience investments. Scenario analysis helps explore uncertainties and develop robust strategies, while CBA evaluates the trade-offs between different investment options, considering both direct and indirect benefits of resilience measures.

This study highlights the importance of integrating robust decision-making into strategic planning. By employing scenario analysis, stakeholders can better navigate uncertainties and develop adaptive strategies that enhance the overall resilience of transportation systems. Future research focuses on refining resilience metrics and integrating them into practical decision-making processes, ensuring that infrastructure investments are both effective and economically viable. This holistic approach will be crucial for developing transportation systems that can withstand and recover from the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change and the transition to low-carbon energy sources.