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  • 1.
    Almgren, Martin
    et al.
    Trafikförvaltningen, SLL.
    Sylwan, Odd
    Tyréns.
    Kravställning och uppföljning av ljud- och vibrationskrav vid fordonsupphandling2013Ingår i: Transportforum 2013: Granskade artiklar / [ed] Blomqvist, Göran, Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2013, s. 98-107Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [sv]

    Trafikförvaltningen (tidigare SL) har de senaste åren initierat och delvis genomfört tre större fordonsupphandlingar med långtgående krav på låga bullernivåer. De närliggande upphandlingarna har möjliggjort samordningsvinster, men även erfarenhetsutbyte från olika upphandlingsfaser. Erfarenheterna från upphandlingarna visar att väl underbyggda och realistiska krav betyder mycket för att uppnå goda resultat. De visar vidare att väl genomtänkta planer för löpande rapportering under projekten och påtryckningsmedel för att säkerställa kravefterlevnad också har stor betydelse. Artikeln belyser förhållanden som kan ha betydelse för kravutformning samt identifierade svårigheter och vunna erfarenheter från fordonsupphandlingar. Genomgången är tänkt att vara praktisk och lätt att tillämpa. Utformning av krav eller förslag på gränsvärden tas däremot inte upp i artikeln. Den förmedlar istället i första hand tänkesätt och användbara referenser.

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  • 2.
    Bruzelius, Fredrik
    et al.
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Uystepruyst, David
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Jacobson, Bengt
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Krajnovi´c, Sinisa
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    A simple real-time aerodynamic model for vehicles in overtaking situations2013Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing, ISSN 1745-6436, Vol. 8, nr 3, s. 241-259Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aerodynamic forces and moments play an important role inovertaking situations and affect the trajectory of the involved vehicles. One method of studying these effects and how the driver responds to these is via driving simulator studies. However, models that describe aerodynamic forces and moments are typically computationally complex and not suited for real time execution in driving simulators. The present work presents a simplified real time model of the moments and forces acting in an overtaking situation due to aerodynamic pressure imbalances. The model is compared with experimentally validated Navier-Stokes solutions. Despite the model’s simplicity, implemented as finite impulse response filters, it manages to capture the main features of the forces and moments. The approach used to derive the model is fairly general and might be used in similar applications where computational burden is a key issue.

  • 3.
    Eriksson, Olle
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Infrastruktur, INFRA, Drift och underhåll, DOU.
    Torstensson, Peter
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Pieringer, Astrid
    Chalmers university.
    Nilsson, Richard
    SL, Sverige.
    Höjer, Martin
    Tyréns Solutions AB, Sweden.
    Asplund, Matthias
    Trafikverket, Sverige.
    Swierkoska, Anna
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz, Railway Vehicles Institute “TABOR”, Poland.
    Survey of curve squeal occurrencefor an entire metro system2022Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
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  • 4.
    Eriksson, Olle
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Infrastruktur, INFRA, Drift och underhåll, DOU.
    Torstensson, Peter
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Pieringer, Astrid
    Architecture and Civil Engineering, Applied Acoustics/CHARMEC, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Rickard
    SL, Sweden.
    Höjer, Martin
    Tyréns Solutions AB, Sweden.
    Asplund, Matthias
    Trafikverket, Sweden.
    Świerkoska, Anna
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz, Railway Vehicles Institute “TABOR”, Poland.
    Survey of Curve Squeal Occurrence for an Entire Metro System2024Ingår i: Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems: Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Railway Noise, 07–09 December 2022, Shanghai, China / [ed] Xiaozhen Sheng et al., Springer, 2024, s. 483-490Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The current work presents a statistical analysis based on data collected during approximately 1.5 years of regular operation by two vehicles equipped with an on-board noise monitoring system on the Stockholm metro. Data covers 379,776 passages through 143 curves with radii up to 1000 m. Binary logistic regression is used to investigate the importance of curve radius, vehicle speed, relative humidity, air temperature, rail grinding and vehicle individual on curve squeal. Curve squeal occurrence shows an inverse proportionality with respect to curve radius. This trend is particularly pronounced for curve radii below 600 m. The two vehicles accounted for in the study show differences in propensity to generate squeal. The influence of temperature and relative humidity, and their interaction, on curve squeal is described by an estimated response surface. Results show the occurrence of curve squeal to increase after rail grinding. No strong relationship between curve squeal occurrence and vehicle speed is identified.

  • 5.
    Forssén, Jens
    et al.
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Hornikx, Maarten
    Eindhoven University of Technology.
    Botteldooren, Dick
    Ghent University.
    Wei, Weigang
    Ghent University.
    Van Renterghem, Timothy
    Ghent University.
    Ögren, Mikael
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö och trafikanalys, MTA.
    A model of sound scattering by atmospheric turbulence for use in noise mapping calculations2014Ingår i: Acta Acoustica united with Acustica, ISSN 1610-1928, E-ISSN 1861-9959, Vol. 100, nr 5, s. 810-815Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Sound scattering due to atmospheric turbulence limits the noise reduction in shielded areas. An engineering model is presented, aimed to predict the scattered level for general noise mapping purposes including sound propagation between urban canyons. Energy based single scattering for homogeneous and isotropic turbulence following the Kolmogorov model is assumed as a starting point and a saturation based on the von Kármán model is used as a first-order multiple scattering approximation. For a single shielding obstacle the scattering model is used to calculate a large dataset as function of the effective height of the shielding obstacle and its distances to source and receiver. A parameterisation of the dataset is used when calculating the influence of single or double canyons, including standardised air attenuation rates as well as façade absorption and Fresnel weighting of the multiple façade reflections. Assuming a single point source, an aver aging over three receiver positions and that each ground reflection causes energy doubling, the final engineering model is formulated as a scattered level for a shielding building without canyon plus a correction term for the effect of a single or a double canyon, assuming a flat rooftop of the shielding building. Input parameters are, in addition to geometry and sound frequency, the strengths of velocity and temperature turbulence.

  • 6.
    Freitas, Elisabete
    et al.
    University of Minho, Portugal.
    Barros, Ablenya
    EMIB Research Group, Belgium.
    Vuye, Cedric
    EMIB Research Group, Belgium.
    Sousa, Jorge
    University of Minho, Portugal.
    Sjögren, Leif
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Infrastruktur, INFRA.
    Goubert, Luc
    Belgian Road Research Centre, Belgium.
    Cerezo, Véronique
    Univ Gustave Eiffel, France.
    Tests and Surveillance on Pavement Surface Characteristics2023Ingår i: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering / [ed] Carlos Chastre, José Neves, Diogo Ribeiro, Maria Graça Neves, Paulina Faria, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2023, s. 135-161Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Pavement surface characteristics have been gaining relevance with the changing mobility paradigm as they greatly contribute to the degree of safety, comfort, environmental quality and long lasting pavements. The surveillance methods of pavement surface characteristics have evolved from manual to semi- and automated methods and also to more cost-effective methods. Automated condition surveys provide objective high-quality data. At network level, pavement distresses, friction, evenness and texture are currently surveilled. More rarely surveyed and related to sustainability demands are tyre-road noise and rolling resistance. They rely on dedicated pavement data collection vehicles or trailers coupled to vehicles, equipped with high-speed digital cameras, laser systems, ultrasonic sensors, accelerometers, microphones, etc. As a complementary alternative to these methods, unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with cameras as well as smartphone-based data collection methods are arising. In a design framework, the laboratory methods to survey pavement surface characteristics often use the same technology as in the field tests adapted to a much smaller scale and lower testing speed. In this chapter, the latest advances in laboratory and field tests, and surveillance methods of pavement surface characteristics are described and their performance is analyzed.

  • 7.
    Genell, Anders
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Smith, Michael
    Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    García, Juan Jesus
    IDIADA Automotive Technology SA, Spain.
    Synthesizing Sound Sources For Traffic Noise Health Impact Assesment2022Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics, International Commission for Acoustics (ICA) , 2022Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Within the Horizon 2020 project LEON-T (Low particle Emissions and lOw Noise Tyres), one of the aims is to investigate the effect on cardiovascular health from heavy vehicle (EU class N2 and N3) tyre noise. Health issues related to community noise such as road traffic noise are mostly attributed to negative health effects from sleep disturbance due to noise exposure at nighttime. Within LEON-T a number of experiments on the effect of tyre noise on sleep will be conducted in the sleep laboratory at Gothenburg University. In order to maintain control over all properties of the noise stimuli used, a method to synthesize several exposure scenarios has been developed. Based on single vehicle pass-by recordings or vehicle mounted single wheel recordings that has undergone thorough psychophysical evaluation, scenarios are constructed allowing for variation in parameters such as tyre tread pattern design, tyre air cavity resonance, traffic flow properties and distance between traffic noise source and receiver. The synthesized scenarios are specifically designed in close cooperation with experts on health effects from noise in order to expose the participants to such stimuli that provide relevant and valid responses. This paper describes the synthesis process and the related experiment design decisions.

  • 8.
    Gustafson, Andreas
    Sveriges provnings- och forskningsinstitut, Sverige.
    Utveckling av tysta pelletkaminer2004Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport beskrivs arbetet med att kartlägga och åtgärda buller från tre pelletkaminer i samarbete med deras svenska tillverkare. 

    I inledningen diskuteras vilka riktvärden som gäller för installationer i svenska bostäder och vad det betyder för pelletkaminer. Med utgångspunkt i en pelletkamins konstruktion förklaras därefter några utvalda akustiska grundbegrepp som är nödvändiga verktyg i arbetet att söka rätt på och åtgärda kaminernas bullerkällor. Hur dessa kan användas exemplifieras sedan i ett praktiskt sammanhang. 

    Ljudet från kaminerna har dels kvantifierats på traditionellt sätt genom att mäta upp alstrad ljudeffektnivå. Dessutom har deras ljudkvalitet bedömts med lyssningstester där försökspersoner har fått lyssna på inspelat ljud från kaminerna. Med vägledning av resultaten från mätningarna och lyssningstesterna har kaminerna modifierats för att minska alstrat buller. 

    Undersökningen visar att det med enkla lösningar går att reducera alstrat buller betydligt utan att kaminens övriga prestanda försämras. Vi presenterar några exempel på testade modifieringar som förbättrat ljudegenskaperna och ger rekommendationer för hur man designar en tyst pelletkamin med god ljudkvalitet. 

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  • 9.
    Hornikx, Maarten
    et al.
    Eindhoven University of Technology .
    Forssén, Jens
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Botteldooren, Dick
    Ghent University.
    Van Renterghem, Timothy
    Ghent University.
    Wei, Weigang
    Ghent University.
    Ögren, Mikael
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö och trafikanalys, MTA.
    Salomons, Erik
    TNO Urban Environment and Health.
    Urban background noise mapping: The multiple-reflection correction term2014Ingår i: Acta Acoustica united with Acustica, ISSN 1610-1928, E-ISSN 1861-9959, Vol. 100, nr 2, s. 293-305Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Mapping of road traffic noise in urban areas according to standardized engineering calculation methods systematically results in an underestimation of noise levels at areas shielded from direct exposure to noise, such as inner yards. In most engineering methods, road traffic lanes are represented by point sources and noise levels are computed utilizing point-to-point propagation paths. For a better prediction of noise levels in shielded urban areas, an extension of engineering methods by an attenuation term Acan has been proposed, including multiple reflections of the urban environment both in the source and in the receiver area.

    The present work has two main contributions for the ease of computing Acan. Firstly, it is shown by numerical calculations that Acan may be divided into independent source and receiver environment terms, As and Ar. Based on an equivalent free field analogy, the distance dependence of these terms may moreover be expressed analytically. Secondly, an analytical expression is proposed to compute As and Ar for 3D configurations from using 2D configurations only. The expression includes dependence of the street width-to-height ratio, the difference in building heights and the percentage of facade openings in the horizontal plane. For the expression to be valid, the source should be separated from the receiver environment by at least four times the street width.

  • 10.
    Johansson, Torbjörn
    et al.
    IVL, Svenska Miljöinstitutet, Sweden.
    Andersson, Carl
    IVL, Svenska Miljöinstitutet, Sweden.
    Genell, Anders
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Winroth, Julia
    IVL, Svenska Miljöinstitutet, Sweden.
    von Elern, Fredrik
    Swedish Maritime Technology Forum, RISE, Sweden.
    Noise from ships powered by LNG or electricity and its effects: a cross-domain investigation: Final report of the Silent@Sea project2023Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrification of ships offers zero-emission travel and is spreading rapidly, and more and more ships are operating on liquid natural gas, LNG, or other alternative fuels. However, the relation between these modern forms of ship propulsion and noise pollution is not generally understood. The Silent@Sea project has investigated this through four case studies, where modern vessels have been measured in different propulsion modes and compared to sister vessels. This has mainly been done in route, which permitted us to gather unique data on the noise radiation of large ships in commercial operation. The project has investigated radiated airborne and underwater noise as well as onboard noise and its impact on work environment and passenger comfort. The results show that the modern forms of propulsion lead to lower noise levels onboard, which are coupled to a better work environment and greater passenger comfort. The radiated airborne noise of electrical hybrid vessels is reduced in battery powered operation at certain low frequencies associated with the diesel engine. The same holds for the radiated underwater noise, but the differences are smaller there, indeed smaller than differences between sister vessels. Finally, a new generation of LNG-powered vessels are found to be quieter than an older generation with similar specifications.

  • 11.
    Marin-Cudraz, Thibaut
    et al.
    Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustiques, INSA-Lyon, France.
    Genell, Anders
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Bragado, Beatriz
    Applus+ IDIADA, Spain.
    Garcia, Juan Jesus
    Applus+ IDIADA, Spain.
    Parizet, Étienne
    Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustiques, INSA-Lyon, France.
    Influence of various timbre parameters on the unpleasantness of tyre noise2022Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics, International Commission for Acoustics (ICA) , 2022Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Road traffic noise accounts for the majority of perceived urban environmental noise and has important health consequences. The rolling noise of vehicle tyres is a major contributor to perceived road noise. The tread pattern of light vehicle tyres is already designed to minimize the amplitude of the noise emitted, but this is not the case for heavy vehicles. The European LEON-T project aims to minimize the nuisance of heavy vehicle tyres, especially noise. Prior to a study of the effects of tyre noise on sleep, an experiment was conducted to determine the timbre parameters of such noise. It was determined that the loudness, tonality and the frequency balance of the noisy part were the most variable psychoacoustics parameters and were used by listener to discriminate different category of noises. According to those results, tyre noises were synthetized with different combinations of those parameters. These stimuli were presented with headphones and participants were asked to self-assess their unpleasantness. The presentation will show the results of the experiment, i.e. which relationship of the studied parameters influence the most the unpleasantness. Those results will be correlated with future experiments on the physiological stress reaction provoked of the synthetized tyre noises.

  • 12.
    Pieringer, Astrid
    et al.
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Sverige.
    Torstensson, Peter
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ. Chalmers tekniska högskola, Sverige.
    Verification of a Transient Model for the Simulation of Curve Squeal on the Basis of On-Board Noise Monitoring Data from Stockholm Metro2023Ingår i: Proceedings of Fortschritte der Akustik: DAGA 2023, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik (DEGA) , 2023, s. 693-696Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Curve squeal is an intense tonal noise emitted by railway vehicles negotiating tight curves. It is attributed to self-excited vibrations of the railway wheel during ’imperfect’ curving. Modelling curve squeal poses a challenge since the phenomenon is non-linear and transient. In this work, a previously developed model for the simulation of curve squeal during transient curving is verified based on on-board noise monitoring data from Stockholm metro.

    The time-domain squeal model combines pre-calculated impulse response functions for track and wheel dynamics with Kalker’s variational method for transient rolling contact. The model includes the coupling between vertical and tangential dynamics and considers varying contact positions on wheel and rail along the curve. The low-frequency curving behaviour is included by a pre-calculation with a software for simulation of three-dimensional dynamic vehicle-track interaction.

    In previous work, a statistical analysis was carried out based on data collected with an on-board noise monitoring system during approximately 1.5 years of regular operation by two vehicles on Stockholm metro. Results showed, amongst others, that curve squeal occurrence increases with decreasing curve radius, and after rail grinding. Simulations are carried out with the curve squeal model to replicate and analyze observations from the noise monitoring on Stockholm metro.

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  • 13.
    Pieringer, Astrid
    et al.
    Chalmers university.
    Torstensson, Peter
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ. Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Trafik och trafikant,TRAF, Fordonssystem och körsimulering, FSK.
    Kropp, Wolfgang
    Chalmers university.
    Transient modelling of curve squeal consideringvarying contact conditions2022Konferensbidrag (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 14.
    Pieringer, Astrid
    et al.
    Applied Acoustics/CHARMEC, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Torstensson, Peter
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Theyssen, Jannik
    Applied Acoustics/CHARMEC, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Kropp, Wolfgang
    Applied Acoustics/CHARMEC, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Transient Modelling of Curve Squeal Considering Varying Contact Conditions2024Ingår i: Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems: Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Railway Noise, 07–09 December 2022, Shanghai, China / [ed] Xiaozhen Sheng et al., Springer, 2024, s. 491-499Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Modelling railway curve squeal poses a challenge since the phenomenon is non-linear, transient and complex. This work focusses on the transient effects of varying contact parameters on curve squeal. A previously developed high-frequency tool for the simulation of curve squeal in the time domain during quasi-static curving is extended to account for transient curving and connected to a software for the low-frequency vehicle dynamics. An application of the model demonstrates that time-varying contact parameters such as contact position, lateral creepage, and friction coefficient can lead to an on- and offset of squeal. The history of the wheel/rail dynamics can also have an influence on the occurrence of squeal and the selection of the squeal frequency.

  • 15.
    Sandberg, Ulf
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Mioduszewski, Piotr
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    The EU Tyre Noise Label: The problem with measuring the noise level of only a few of all tyre variants2022Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The STEER project, described in another Inter-Noise 2022 paper, has evaluated the performance of the noise label of the European tyre label. The major finding was that uncertainties of the tyre/road noise measurements were higher than should be accepted. One of the worst uncertainty sources was found to be the common practice to measure only some tyres of all sizes or variants within a tyre line, to save money. Generally, only the noisiest tyre(s) is/are measured individually and other tyres in that line get the same level, which means that many if not most tyres are labelled with too high noise levels. Then consumers cannot find the quietest tyres. STEER lacked resources to study this problem, but a Swedish project supported STEER in this respect, by making it possible to measure noise of 53 tyres selected from tyre lines of three major tyre manufacturers. The results showed that even though tyres in each line were labelled with the same noise level, in practice they differed up to 6 dB in noise emission. To avoid this very serious source of uncertainty, a special simplified test is suggested in order to be able to label tyres correctly without too much extra effort.

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  • 16.
    Schlatter, Felix
    et al.
    Grolimund + Partner AG.
    Sandberg, Ulf
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö, MILJÖ.
    Bühlmann, Erik
    Grolimund + Partner AG.
    Berge, Truls
    SINTEF AS.
    Goubert, Luc
    Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC).
    Project STEER: Improving the EU Tyre Noise Label2022Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Tyre/road noise is the dominant component of overall vehicle noise at medium and high speeds and for cars even at relatively low speeds. Consequently, road traffic noise can be reduced with the proliferation of quieter tyres. One way to achieve this is to give the tyre noise label greater attention among tyre and transportation consumers. Hence, the STEER project has evaluated the relevance and performance of the noise part of the European tyre label, looking at how it works in practice, analysing its uncertainties and suggesting how it can be improved. Its main finding is that the uncertainties in the measurement of noise level for the label are too high to be acceptable. This paper focuses on the solutions offered by STEER for an improved tyre label. With four main improvements, the overall uncertainty of the current procedure can be halved. A few possible future strategies to increase the market share of quieter tyres have been analysed and their effects quantified. If the tyre noise label is improved and the market share of quieter tyres can be increased, as project STEER proposes, area-wide reductions of up to 3 dB in road traffic noise emissions compared to the present situation are possible.

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  • 17.
    Sohlman, Mårten
    et al.
    Metria, Lantmäteriet, Sweden.
    Jonasson, Hans
    SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Sweden.
    Gustafson, Andreas
    SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Sweden.
    Using Satellite data for the determination of the acoustic impedance of ground: Report to the Swedish National Space Board2004Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the project has been to investigate the possibility to use satellite data to estimate the acoustic impedance of ground for use in large-scale noise mapping according to the European directive 2002/49/EC. Satellite processed land cover data have been used to classify different ground types. Field measurements of the acoustic impedance of these ground types have been carried out. The project has been successful in finding reasonable relationships between the acoustic impedance of the ground and the land cover classes. A first example of a ground impedance map has been elaborated. In digital form this map can be used as an additional map layer when carrying out noise mapping using software based on digital maps. The market for such maps is expected to encompass about 10000 consultants and environmental authorities in Europe. 

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  • 18.
    Wei, Weigang
    et al.
    Ghent University.
    Botteldooren, Dick
    Ghent University.
    Renterghem, Timothy Van
    Ghent University.
    Hornikx, Maarten C J
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Forssén, Jens
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Salomons, Erik M
    TNO Urban Environment and Health.
    Ögren, Mikael
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö och trafikanalys, MTA.
    Erratum: Urban background noise mapping: The general model (Acta Acustica united with Acustica (2014) 100 (1098-1111) DOI:10.3813/AAA.918789)2015Ingår i: Acta Acoustica united with Acustica, ISSN 1610-1928, E-ISSN 1861-9959, Vol. 101, nr 1Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 19.
    Wei, Weigang
    et al.
    Ghent University.
    Botteldooren, Dick
    Ghent University.
    Renterghem, Timothy Van
    Ghent University.
    Hornikx, Maarten C J
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Forssén, Jens
    Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.
    Salomons, Erik M
    TNO Urban Environment and Health.
    Ögren, Mikael
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Samhälle, miljö och transporter, SAMT, Miljö och trafikanalys, MTA.
    Urban background noise mapping: The general model2014Ingår i: Acta Acoustica united with Acustica, ISSN 1610-1928, E-ISSN 1861-9959, Vol. 100, nr 6, s. 1098-1111Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Surveys show that inhabitants of dwellings exposed to high noise levels benefit from having access to a quiet side. However, current practice in noise prediction often underestimates the noise levels at a shielded façade. Multiple reflections between façades in street canyons and inner yards are commonly neglected and façades are approximated as perfectly flat surfaces yielding only specular reflection. In addition, sources at distances much larger than normally taken into account in noise maps might still contribute significantly. Since one of the main reasons for this is computational burden, an efficient engineering model for the diffraction of the sound over the roof tops is proposed, which considers multiple reflections, variation in building height, canyon width, façade roughness and different roof shapes. The model is fitted on an extensive set of full-wave numerical calculations of canyon-to-canyon sound propagation with configurations matching the distribution of streets and building geometries in a typical historically grown European city. This model allows calculating the background noise in the shielded areas of a city, which could then efficiently be used to improve existing noise mapping calculations. The model was validated by comparison to long-term measurements at 9 building façades whereof 3 were at inner yards in the city of Ghent, Belgium. At shielded façades, a strong improvement in prediction accuracy is obtained.

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