Metodik för styrning av cirkulär masshantering i Trafikverket är inriktad på moment som genomförs i projekteringsskedet. Det saknas metodik för hur indikatorer och nyckeltal kan föras över till entreprenaden. För att förbättra krav och incitament i entreprenadupphandling måste krav som är upphandlingsbara och uppföljningsbara i entreprenaden utvecklas. 

Syftet med detta projekt är att, i en förstudie, ta fram förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal för upphandling som kan användas för att sätta krav och ge incitament som kan föras in i Trafikverkets upphandlingar för att förbättra masshanteringen, såväl i planeringen av projekt som i själva utförandet. De krav och incitament som på längre sikt ska arbetas fram ska kunna användas vid upphandlingar och därmed bidra till att entreprenörer kommer att arbeta mer cirkulärt, hållbart och innovativt med masshantering än i dagsläget. Huvudsyftet är att upphandlingsförfarandet ska bidra till att uppnå Trafikverkets mål att infrastrukturen ska vara klimatneutral senast år 2045. 

Arbetet utgörs av en omvärldsanalys som baseras på internationell och nationell litteratur, masshanteringsrapportering samt intervjuer. 

Från omvärldsanalysen framgår att regelverken kring uppgrävda massor inte är tydlig, men att massorna klassas som avfall i de flesta länder. Detta leder i sin tur till att massorna inte återvinns i så hög grad som är teoretiskt möjligt och inte heller så högt upp som möjligt i värdekedjan. För att förbättra detta krävs tydligare incitament, indikatorer och nyckeltal samt redovisningsverktyg och guidande material från Trafikverket. I detta projekt har förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal tagits fram. Dessutom har en Excelbaserad prototyp för hur flera av dessa kan redovisas tagits fram. Denna ska när den färdigställts kunna användas såväl inför en upphandling som för att användas för att följa upp och utvärdera masshantering i ett projekt. Rapporten ger också förslag på fortsatt arbete för att utveckla prototypen för utvärdering av masshantering på projektnivå och ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv.

Urban environments are challenged with a plethora of wicked problems in the face of rapid urbanization and land use change, not least natural capital degradation and widespread land and water contamination. Brownfields, under-used sites with real or perceived contamination, are significant urban and peri-urban land resources which, with well-designed remediation and management strategies can address these concerns. Gentle remediation options (GRO) are scalable nature-based techniques which provide significant opportunities for multi-functionality: managing risks posed by contaminants and at the same time enhance ecosystem services (ES) by improving the soil ecosystem in a low-impact, cost-effective manner. GRO align with an increasing interest in taking a holistic view on soil and land management to protect and improve the soil ecosystem for direct human benefit in the form of ES as well as for its indirect, intrinsic value as a haven for biodiversity. This short review aims to present a synthesis of ideas to raise awareness for urban planners about GRO techniques as nature-based solutions which can promote green infrastructure in the urban environment. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

The potential catastrophic event of a landslide bringing contaminants to surface waters has been highlighted in public media, but there are still few scientific studies analyzing the risk of landslides with contaminated soil. The aim of this study is to present a method to estimate the risk of potential long-term ecological effects on water bodies due to contaminated soil released into a river through a landslide. The study constitutes further development of previous work focusing on the instantaneous (short-term) release of contaminants and associated effects. Risk is here defined as the probability of surface water failing to comply with environmental quality standards (EQS). The transport model formulation is kept simple enough to allow for a probabilistic analysis as a first assessment of the impact on the river water quality from a landslide runout deposit containing contaminated soil. The model is applied at a contaminated site located adjacent to the Göta Älv River that discharges into the Gothenburg estuary, in southwest Sweden. The results from the case study show that a contaminated runout deposit will likely cause contamination levels above EQSs in the near area for a long time and that it will take several years for the deposit to erode, with the greatest erosion at the beginning when water velocities are their highest above the deposit. A contaminated landslide runout deposit will thus act as a source of contamination to the downstream water system until all the contaminated deposit has been eroded away and the contaminants have been transported from the deposit to the river, and further to the river mouth – diluted but not necessarily negligible. Therefore, it is important to prevent landslides of contaminated soil or waste, and if such events were to occur, to remove the contaminated runout deposit as soon as possible.

Urban areas adjacent to surface water are exposed to soil movements such as erosion and slope failures (landslides). A landslide is a potential mechanism for mobilisation and spreading of pollutants. This mechanism is in general not included in environmental risk assessments for contaminated sites, and the consequences associated with contamination in the soil are typically not considered in landslide risk assessments. This study suggests a methodology to estimate the environmental risks associated with landslides in contaminated sites adjacent to rivers. The methodology is probabilistic and allows for datasets with large uncertainties and the use of expert judgements, providing quantitative estimates of probabilities for defined failures. The approach is illustrated by a case study along the river Göta Älv, Sweden, where failures are defined and probabilities for those failures are estimated. Failures are defined from a pollution perspective and in terms of exceeding environmental quality standards (EQSs) and acceptable contaminant loads. Models are then suggested to estimate probabilities of these failures. A landslide analysis is carried out to assess landslide probabilities based on data from a recent landslide risk classification study along the river Göta Älv. The suggested methodology is meant to be a supplement to either landslide risk assessment (LRA) or environmental risk assessment (ERA), providing quantitative estimates of the risks associated with landslide in contaminated sites. The proposed methodology can also act as a basis for communication and discussion, thereby contributing to intersectoral management solutions. From the case study it was found that the defined failures are governed primarily by the probability of a landslide occurring. The overall probabilities for failure are low; however, if a landslide occurs the probabilities of exceeding EQS are high and the probability of having at least a 10% increase in the contamination load within one year is also high.

Knowledge about how implemented policy instruments have performed is important for designing effective and efficient policy instruments that contribute to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper carries out a meta-evaluation of ex-post evaluations of climate policy instruments in the freight transport sector. By analysing the outcomes and quality of evaluations, the aim is to identify whether estimated effects of policy instruments can be compared between evaluations and if the results are appropriate to use for evidence-based decision making. To analyse these aspects, commonly applied evaluation criteria are assessed and classified according to an assessment scale. We confirm that few ex-post evaluations are carried out and that there is a gap between evaluation theory and how ex-post policy evaluations are performed in practice, where evaluation criteria recommended in policy evaluation guidelines are found to often be neglected in evaluations. The result is a lack of systematic climate policy evaluation which hinders reliable conclusions about the effect of policy instruments. There is a need for more systematic monitoring and evaluation of implemented policy instruments and we suggest that evidence-based decision making can be improved by adjusting current policy evaluation guidelines and by introducing an evaluation obligation.