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  • 1.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Eriksson, Gabriella
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Abadir Guirgis, Georg
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Ihlström, Jonas
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Sommarström, Erik
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Thorslund, Birgitta
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Läsbarhet av vägskyltar i form av LED-skylt: färgkombination och fontstorlekens betydelse för läsbarheten2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The readability of road signs was studied and in particular the LED format. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of color combination, font size and light conditions on readability. 101 students participated in the study, where 32 were men and 69 were women. Their age ranged from 18–66 years. The choice of subjects were driven by the study's purpose, i.e. for this study it was not of interest to study the differences between gender, age or eyesight. A statistical analysis was carried out to study how readability distances varied as a result of the combination of colors, font size and light conditions. Furthermore, illuminance was measured when the data collection occasions was conducted. Distances were examined both in daylight and in darkness. The results of the study show that the color combination of the LED-sign affects its readability. Signs with white text on blue, brown or green background could be read correctly at a greater distance than the signs with black text on white or orange background. The font size is also important for the readability and every increase in font size produces a significant difference in the distance that the sign can be read. The sign with the largest font size (300 mm) was read correctly from the longest distance. The signs were read even at greater distances in daylight than in darkness. The readability of the sign with the smallest font size 200 mm does not change significantly during the daylight compared to darkness conditions. These conclusive results demonstrate that all the variables studied are important for readability. It should be added that participants stood still during the trial when they scanned/read the signs and had free sight to the LED-sign.

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  • 2.
    Arvidsson, Sara
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Nilsson, Jan-Eric
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Intelligenta försäkringar för person- och lastbilar2006Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Within the European Union there are annually about 1 300 000 accidents with physical injuries. Estimates indicate that accident costs add up to €160 billion, corresponding to 2 percent of the Union's GDP. On Sweden's roads alone 400-500 people are killed annualy and thousands are injured. Traffic accidents are, like in most other countries, one of the country's national health problems. Substantial resources are allocated to reduce the number of accidents and their consequences, once an accident occurs. The insurance industry is one part in this. The focus of this report is how insurance companies design their insurance premiums and the possibility to change this design in order to curb accident risks. Our starting point is that modern techniques makes it feasible to link the way in which the premium is calculated to actual behaviour. The fast development of in-vehicle "black box" technology provides prerequisits for observing driver behaviour and in particular speed relative to speed limits. By making speeders pay more than drivers that adhere to speed limits, the insurance system may affect average speed on the road network and consequently also the number and consequences of accidents. The report is made up of three parts. The first presents a review of international experiences of "Pay-as-You-Drive" and "Pay-as-You-Speed" applications. The second reviews technical aspects and the options available when selecting an appropriate solution. A third paper presents a blueprint for the way in which an insurance premium based on "Pay-as-You-Speed" could be designed in order to capture important incentive aspects of the system. It is suggested that the insurance industry should go ahead with the development of these techniques. It is, however, also acknowledged that the incentives of the industry may be insuffient to carry the implementation costs. Since society at large carries much more of the accident costs than the industry itself, this provides prima facie motive for government intervention in order to avoid a market failure. It is argued that the costs for establishing an open technical platform in vehicles and to organise the collection of data may be small relative to the potential benefits of the system.

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  • 3.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Assessing safety critical braking events in naturalistic driving studies2012In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, E-ISSN 1873-5517, Vol. 16, p. 16p. 117-126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Naturalistic driving studies permit the study of driving behaviour during every day driving. Such studies have a long duration and rare events such as near-crashes and even crashes do occur during the period of the study. This fact gives an opportunity to study events that are otherwise difficult to find. However, the vast amount of data recorded within these naturalistic driving studies demands a huge amount of manual work to identify hazardous situations. This paper concerns the development and validation of a new method, based on critical jerk, to identify safety critical braking events during car driving. The method was compared with one of today's most used method, which is based on the longitudinal acceleration measure. Both methods were applied on near-crash data from the 100-car naturalistic driving study previously carried out by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI). The data included 637 near-crashes. The results from the analyses showed that the critical jerk method performed approximately 1.6 times higher overall success rate than the method based on the longitudinal acceleration measure. In addition, a positive correlation was found between driver's safety critical braking event and crash involvement. The conclusion is that the critical jerk method is capable of detecting safety critical braking events and may also be used for assessing high risk drivers.

  • 4.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Estimation of the severity of safety critical events2012In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 50, p. 6p. 167-174Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Today, various measures are used to estimate the severity of a traffic conflict. However, these measures are all limited to estimating the crash risk and do not include any estimates of the possible consequences of a potential crash. In accident analysis the estimated severity of the event is related to the outcome of the crash, such as injury levels. This article proposes a new method for estimating the severity of safety critical events based on both an estimate of crash risk and an estimate of possible consequence that, in addition to a measure of safety margins, takes vehicle mass as well as the relative speed of the involved road users into consideration. The article compares the estimated severity of 61 conflicts and 9 accidents of the proposed method with the traffic conflict technique.

    The results from the severity estimates of our proposed method show a significant difference in the severity levels of events involving vehicles with similar mass compared to critical events involving vehicles with dissimilar mass and events involving pedestrians. The proposed method gives the possibility to compare different conflicts, with regard to severity, with each other regardless of what type of conflict it is, e.g. intersection or rural road, or what kind of road users that are involved.

    In addition, an event classification, i.e. serious or very serious event, based on the severity estimate of the proposed method, shows promising results indicating that the severities are estimated in a homogenous way. The article concludes that our proposed method of estimating the severity of critical event seems to be able to reflect the dangerousness in a more realistic way than the traffic conflict technique and should facilitate the development of traffic safety analysis methods.

  • 5.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction. Faculty of Engineering, LTH Department of Technology and Society Transport and Roads .
    The development of methods for detection and assessment of safety critical events in car driving2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Improving our knowledge of drivers’ behaviour, especially in hazardous situations is a key to understanding why accidents occur and how to improve safety on our roads. Crash surrogate measures have proven to be very useful in traffic safety analysis. As a valid crash surrogate measure shares the same logical chain of events as actual crashes, studying those events increases the opportunities to analyze external circumstances as well as events and driver behaviour preceding the crash. A new definition of crash surrogate measures is proposed, i.e. safety critical braking events: Situations (including crashes) that require a sudden, evasive manoeuvre to avoid a crash or to correct for unsafe acts performed by the driver himself/herself or by other road users. This thesis develops a method for detecting Safety CRItical Braking Events (SCRIBE) and evaluates against other methods mostly used in large naturalistic driving studies. The evaluation shows promising results in the success rates of detecting safety critical events. Further, a Method for estimating the SEverity of safety Critical events (M-SEC) involving more than one road user, is developed and evaluated. The method combines a measure of closeness-to-collision, or safety margins, with a measure of possible consequences based on the speed and mass of the involved road users. Besides, a comparison is made with the Traffic Conflict Technique. Evaluation of the method shows that the estimated severity using M-SEC enables comparison of safety critical events involving different types of road users and is not limited to comparisons between similar types of events. In addition, the estimations when using M-SEC seem to reflect the seriousness of the safety critical events.

    List of papers
    1. Estimation of the severity of safety critical events
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Estimation of the severity of safety critical events
    2012 (English)In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 50, p. 6p. 167-174Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Today, various measures are used to estimate the severity of a traffic conflict. However, these measures are all limited to estimating the crash risk and do not include any estimates of the possible consequences of a potential crash. In accident analysis the estimated severity of the event is related to the outcome of the crash, such as injury levels. This article proposes a new method for estimating the severity of safety critical events based on both an estimate of crash risk and an estimate of possible consequence that, in addition to a measure of safety margins, takes vehicle mass as well as the relative speed of the involved road users into consideration. The article compares the estimated severity of 61 conflicts and 9 accidents of the proposed method with the traffic conflict technique.

    The results from the severity estimates of our proposed method show a significant difference in the severity levels of events involving vehicles with similar mass compared to critical events involving vehicles with dissimilar mass and events involving pedestrians. The proposed method gives the possibility to compare different conflicts, with regard to severity, with each other regardless of what type of conflict it is, e.g. intersection or rural road, or what kind of road users that are involved.

    In addition, an event classification, i.e. serious or very serious event, based on the severity estimate of the proposed method, shows promising results indicating that the severities are estimated in a homogenous way. The article concludes that our proposed method of estimating the severity of critical event seems to be able to reflect the dangerousness in a more realistic way than the traffic conflict technique and should facilitate the development of traffic safety analysis methods.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2012. p. 6
    Keywords
    Near miss, Severity, Method, Estimation, Mass, Accident, Analysis
    National Category
    Other Civil Engineering
    Research subject
    80 Road: Traffic safety and accidents, 841 Road: Road user behaviour
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5326 (URN)10.1016/j.aap.2012.04.007 (DOI)000314191600021 ()
    Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2024-02-14Bibliographically approved
    2. Jerky driving: an indicator of accident proneness?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Jerky driving: an indicator of accident proneness?
    2011 (English)In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 43, no 4, p. 5p. 1359-1363Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This study uses continuously logged driving data from 166 private cars to derive the level of jerks caused by the drivers during everyday driving. The number of critical jerks found in the data is analysed and compared with the self-reported accident involvement of the drivers. The results show that the expected number of accidents for a driver increases with the number of critical jerks caused by the driver. Jerk analyses make it possible to identify safety critical driving behaviour or “accident prone” drivers. They also facilitate the development of safety measures such as active safety systems or advanced driver assistance systems, ADAS, which could be adapted for specific groups of drivers or specific risky driving behaviour.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2011. p. 5
    Keywords
    Near miss, Braking, Driving (veh), Driver, Behaviour, Accident proneness, Observation, Tillbud, Bromsning, Fordonskörning, Förare, Beteende, Olycksbenägenhet, Observation
    National Category
    Applied Psychology
    Research subject
    Road: Traffic safety and accidents, Road: Road user behaviour
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5323 (URN)10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.009 (DOI)000291296200011 ()
    Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
    3. Assessing safety critical braking events in naturalistic driving studies
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing safety critical braking events in naturalistic driving studies
    2012 (English)In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, E-ISSN 1873-5517, Vol. 16, p. 16p. 117-126Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Naturalistic driving studies permit the study of driving behaviour during every day driving. Such studies have a long duration and rare events such as near-crashes and even crashes do occur during the period of the study. This fact gives an opportunity to study events that are otherwise difficult to find. However, the vast amount of data recorded within these naturalistic driving studies demands a huge amount of manual work to identify hazardous situations. This paper concerns the development and validation of a new method, based on critical jerk, to identify safety critical braking events during car driving. The method was compared with one of today's most used method, which is based on the longitudinal acceleration measure. Both methods were applied on near-crash data from the 100-car naturalistic driving study previously carried out by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI). The data included 637 near-crashes. The results from the analyses showed that the critical jerk method performed approximately 1.6 times higher overall success rate than the method based on the longitudinal acceleration measure. In addition, a positive correlation was found between driver's safety critical braking event and crash involvement. The conclusion is that the critical jerk method is capable of detecting safety critical braking events and may also be used for assessing high risk drivers.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2012. p. 16
    Keywords
    Near miss, Detection, Braking, Driver, Behaviour, Driving (veh), Observation, Data processing, Tillbud, Detektering, Bromsning, Förare, Beteende, Fordonskörning, Observation, Databehandling
    National Category
    Applied Psychology
    Research subject
    Road: Traffic safety and accidents, Road: Road user behaviour
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5325 (URN)10.1016/j.trf.2012.08.006 (DOI)000314481000011 ()
    Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
    4. Development of a method for detecting jerks in safety critical events
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of a method for detecting jerks in safety critical events
    2012 (English)In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 50, p. 9p. 83-91Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A new method for detecting jerks in safety critical events, based on the characteristics of the braking caused by the driver in time critical situations, has been developed and evaluated in a small pilot test and also applied on a naturalistic driving study. A portable event data recorder, capable of measuring and recording acceleration profiles for a predetermined time period before and after the safety critical situation, has also been developed to ensure high data quality used to evaluate the proposed method. Thus, an analysis of the acceleration profile is possible during the entire braking event. The study involves analyses of acceleration profiles and different characteristics of the rate of change of the acceleration profiles, i.e. jerks, such as negative jerk, used in previous studies, and a peak-to-peak value of the jerk. The finding is that the proposed method provides a more distinct difference between critical and potentially critical events and thus may be an appropriate method used to detect safety critical events.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2012. p. 9
    Keywords
    Near miss, Braking, Event data recorder (road vehicle), Tillbud, Bromsning, Automatisk lagring av färddata (vägfordon)
    National Category
    Applied Psychology
    Research subject
    Road: Traffic safety and accidents, Road: Road user behaviour
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5324 (URN)10.1016/j.aap.2012.03.032 (DOI)000314191600011 ()
    Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
  • 6.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Patten, Christopher
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Dynamiska farthinder: en litteraturstudie2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    To mitigate the negative consequences from rigid speed humps, several alternative solutions have emerged on the market, so called dynamic speed humps. The dynamic speed humps can be classified into passive or active humps, respectively. This means that a speed hump could be either actively dynamic or passively dynamic. A passive dynamic speed hump is designed to let heavy vehicle pass almost unnoticed while light vehicles are subjected to a hump similar to a rigid speed hump and should thereby reduce their speed accordingly. An active dynamic speed hump is designed to only be active when a speeding vehicle is approaching. The intrusion on traffic flow is thereby smaller and the traffic may maintain a more even speed according to the speed limit since the hump does not affect the traffic at all as long as the speed limit is respected. The conclusions are that both passive and active dynamic speed humps are of interest and could be used as an alternative or complement to rigid speed humps. However, it is important that the purpose of the installation of the hump is clear in order to obtain the desired effect.

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  • 7.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Várhelyi, András
    Lund University, Dept Technol & Soc, Lund, Sweden.
    Development of a method for detecting jerks in safety critical events2012In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 50, p. 9p. 83-91Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new method for detecting jerks in safety critical events, based on the characteristics of the braking caused by the driver in time critical situations, has been developed and evaluated in a small pilot test and also applied on a naturalistic driving study. A portable event data recorder, capable of measuring and recording acceleration profiles for a predetermined time period before and after the safety critical situation, has also been developed to ensure high data quality used to evaluate the proposed method. Thus, an analysis of the acceleration profile is possible during the entire braking event. The study involves analyses of acceleration profiles and different characteristics of the rate of change of the acceleration profiles, i.e. jerks, such as negative jerk, used in previous studies, and a peak-to-peak value of the jerk. The finding is that the proposed method provides a more distinct difference between critical and potentially critical events and thus may be an appropriate method used to detect safety critical events.

  • 8.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Várhelyi, András
    Lund University, Dept Technol & Soc, Lund, Sweden .
    Jerky driving: an indicator of accident proneness?2011In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 43, no 4, p. 5p. 1359-1363Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study uses continuously logged driving data from 166 private cars to derive the level of jerks caused by the drivers during everyday driving. The number of critical jerks found in the data is analysed and compared with the self-reported accident involvement of the drivers. The results show that the expected number of accidents for a driver increases with the number of critical jerks caused by the driver. Jerk analyses make it possible to identify safety critical driving behaviour or “accident prone” drivers. They also facilitate the development of safety measures such as active safety systems or advanced driver assistance systems, ADAS, which could be adapted for specific groups of drivers or specific risky driving behaviour.

  • 9.
    Jacobson, Bengt
    et al.
    Vehicle Engineering and Autonomous Systems Division, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kharrazi, Sogol
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle Systems and Driving Simulation.. Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden.
    Fröjd, Niklas
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ghandriz, Toheed
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish Transport Administration, Borlänge, Sweden.
    An open assessment tool for standardized performance measures of long combination vehicles2024In: Technology Convergence 2023: Setting the Wheels In Motion: Reimagining the future of heavy vehicles, roads and freight, International Forum for Heavy Vehicle Transport & Technology; The International Society for Weigh-In-Motion , 2024, article id 5256Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Long Combination Vehicles (LCV) are transport efficient. However, allowing any combination of, individually legal, loaded vehicle units which when connected become LCV, can lead to traffic risks. Therefore, ways to assess LCVs are developed. The paper proposes an open tool which can assess a certain LCV for a certain load distribution. The tool could be a base for a digital service for such assessment. The assessment is done with Performance-Based Standards (PBS). PBS measures, computed through dynamic models and simulations, can be compared to numerical requirements. The vehicle parameters are selected to be as easy as possible to find values on, e.g., from available data in a vehicle unit registry. Also, the loading is defined by giving the static vertical force for each axle and the load height for each vehicle unit. A PBS based assessment method, as opposed to simply prescribing certain vehicle design parameters, would encourage novel combination vehicle designs. That would continuously drive the development towards even better transport efficiency, including energy efficiency.

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  • 10.
    Kharrazi, Sogol
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle Systems and Driving Simulation.. Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden.
    Laine, Leo
    Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Larsson, Lena
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sandin, Jesper
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Driver and vehicle.
    Jacobson, Bengt
    Vehicle Engineering and Autonomous Systems Division, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Asp, Thomas
    Swedish Transport Administration, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish Transport Administration, Borlänge, Sweden.
    A review of more than a decade of research and field tests on longer vehicle combinations in Sweden that supported road approval2024In: Technology Convergence 2023: Setting the Wheels In Motion: Reimagining the future of heavy vehicles, roads and freight, International Forum for Heavy Vehicle Transport & Technology; The International Society for Weigh-In-Motion , 2024, article id 7891Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    For more than a decade, Longer Vehicle Combinations (LVCs) have been tested in Sweden on roads and test tracks and studied in simulations. Based on the outcomes of this research, the government in Sweden has decided to open part of the road network for LVCs with a length up to 34.5 m. Necessary regulatory framework should be in place before this change can be applied. Thus, the LVCs are not expected on the roads before winter 2023-2024. This article reviews outcomes of the extensive research which has been performed on High Capacity Transport (HCT) to support introduction of LVCs in Sweden. Summary of studies on various aspects of HCT, such as regulation, safety, maneuverability, electrification, and emissions, are presented.

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  • 11.
    Patten, Christopher
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Wallén Warner, Henriette
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Syns jag bättre med en gul plexiglasskiva framför strålkastaren?: en studie om motorcyklisters synbarhet i trafiken2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Approximately half of the motorcyclists that are killed or injured occur when interacting with other vehicle-users. These accidents are typically intersection, head-on or rear-end collisions. A contributing factor to these collisions can be the difficulties that other road users have in detecting the motorcyclists and thereby correctly deducing their position and speed. All motorised vehicles in Sweden have a mandatory daylight running lights (DRL) requirement. The main purpose of this project was to examine possibilities of increasing the conspicuity of motorcyclists by using a yellow Plexiglas disc or sheet (yellow glass) placed in front of the motorcycle’s headlight. The project comprised four studies viz. 1) a field study, 2) a laboratory study, 3) an interview study and 4) a questionnaire study. The results from the field and laboratory studies suggest that the maximum amount of conspicuity is achieved when yellow and white light are combined; one with yellow and one without. The results from the interview and questionnaire studies show that the motorcyclists that drive with the yellow glass, perceive that their own conspicuity had increased. They believe that they are detected by other road users earlier and more easily especially in certain traffic environments and ambient lighting/weather conditions. This had also contributed to an increased sense of security by the yellow glass group. Am I more conspicuous with yellow glass? The results from this project suggest that the answer is yes, in certain circumstances. This must however, be qualified by the limitations of the studies in this project where all traffic situations, weather conditions and lighting conditions have not been assessed.

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    Sammanfattning av rapporten
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  • 12.
    Thomson, Robert William
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Sandin, Jesper
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Bagdadi, Omar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Hjort, Mattias
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle technology and simulation.
    Augusto, Bruno
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle technology and simulation.
    Andersson, Håkan
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Infrastructure, Crash safety.
    EDR Pre-Crash Data: Potential For Applications In Active Safety Testing2013In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, May 2013, Seoul, 2013, article id 13-0414Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Passive safety testing has been based on accident research where objective physical evidence can be compiled and analysed when establishing technical test requirements. Active safety tests pose new challenges because objective data is more difficult to obtain. Until pre-crash variables became available in Event Data Recorders (EDR), the only sources of pre-crash vehicle motions were tire marks or witness statements. Both data sources have limitations since they may not always be available and require interpretation by the analyst. The pre-crash EDR data variables provide an objective source of data to active safety test development. However, the suitability of the data has not been thoroughly investigated in the published literature.

    The review of existing data shows that the variables identified in the new EDR requirement in FMVSS 563 are useful but incomplete for a comprehensive analysis of vehicle dynamics manoeuvres prior to a crash. In particular, the absence of vehicle yaw rate reduces the positioning accuracy of the vehicle in reconstructions. The objective data in the limited cases were used to compile the frequency of pre-crash braking and steering, and when possible, the magnitude of these driver inputs. Active Safety test development will benefit with more EDR analysis but the older data that does not conform to Part 563 has limited application.

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