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  • 1.
    Hjort, Mattias
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle technology and simulation.
    Andersson, Håkan
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Jansson, Jonas
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users.
    Mårdh, Selina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Sundström, Jerker
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    A test method for evaluating safety aspects of ESC equipped passenger cars: a prototype proposal2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Active safety systems are becoming increasingly common in today's vehicles. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems were introduced during the end of the 1990s, and accident statistics show that they have had a huge impact on traffic safety. In the USA, a new legislation has recently been adopted which demands on every new light vehicle that is sold to be equipped with ESC, beginning 2011. New systems require new testing methods, and there is a need expressed by the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), which at present time only evaluates the passive safety of cars, also to include tests for active safety systems. In a previous VTI work, a literature review regarding methods for the evaluation of traffic safety effects of Antilock Braking Systems (ABS) and ESC was performed. Based on the findings of that review, we have proceeded with defining a test method for evaluating safety aspects of ESC equipped passenger cars. The objective has been to suggest a (prototype) test method that can be used for a more holistic evaluation of the safety effect of ESC in cars, including the driver behaviour perspective. From discussions with leading experts on traffic safety and ESC, possible benefits of ESC systems on traffic safety were identified. In addition to increasing the yaw stability of the vehicle, the following ESC benefit effects were identified: - A warning system for slippery roads. ESC activation indication may act as a warning system to the driver about slippery road conditions. - Reduced collision speed. In a critical situation, ESC activation may reduce the collision speed, which will mitigate the outcome of the collision. - Improved vehicle roll stability. The ESC system may also stabilise the vehicle with respect to untripped rollovers. Most rollovers are however tripped rollovers, which can occur when a vehicle, with some lateral slip, strikes an object or slides off the road. These rollovers also benefit from the ESC system as it aids in keeping the vehicle on the road.

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  • 2.
    Hjort, Mattias
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Thorslund, Birgitta
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Sundström, Jerker
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Wiklund, Mats
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Öberg, Gudrun
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Bussars trafiksäkerhet vintertid2008Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Earlier studies have shown that buses are overrepresented at accidents during winter road conditions compared to other vehicle types. Hence, the traffic safety of buses during the wintertime has been studied in more detail. The study comprised the following parts: - Gripping power studies on ice in VTI's tyre test facility. - Accident study and a survey of the use of tyre. - Focus group to gain knowledge about dangerous situations. - Driving simulator study to test the importance of the tyres during problematic situations.

    Tests in VTI's tyre test facility on smooth ice did not show any significant difference between summer tyres and non-studded winter tyres, while studded tyres exhibit a better ice grip than non-studded tyres. Nor did driving simulator tests when driving on ice covered road under the influence of heavy wind from the side show a difference between summer tyres and non-studded winter tyres. Also in these tests the studded tyres were superior to the non-studded. If studded tyres are used only on one axle, the driving simulator study showed that during side wind the ability to steer is important. The accident study showed that the buses that have summer tyres on the steering axle and winter tyres on the drivé axle has the lowest estimated accident risk, although it is not statistically significant. The buses equipped with studded tyres on both axles could not be statistically analysed since only 2 accidents occurred on bare roadways, and none on icy/snowy roadways, while at the same time the buses in this category drive a lot on icy/snowy roadways. This probably makes these buses the safest on winter roadways. From the focus groups it was clear that the time table has a great influence on the creating of stress and the demands on the drivers to keep the speed even during slippery roadways. Many bus drivers experience large problems with bad snow clearance, or other winter maintenance. At the same time there is a large consciousness among the drivers that it is always their own way of handling the vehicle that is the determining factor for traffic safety. The drivers were expressing a lack of further education and practical exercises with buses on slippery roads.

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  • 3.
    Kottenhoff, Karl
    et al.
    KTH.
    Sundström, Jerker
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Samband mellan körstil och åkkomfort: förbättringspotentialen inom kollektivtrafiken. Kortversion2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ride comfort constitutes part of the total comfort experience of a journey. It is a result of the interaction between the characteristics of the infrastructure and those of the vehicle, and not least a result of the driver’s handling. Poor ride comfort generally leads to low attractiveness of the public transportation system, mainly due to travelers being less relaxed and even unableto use the traveling time for reading. The motions of the vehicle can cause some passengers todevelop motion sickness and even tripping or fall accidents occur due to difficulty to keepbalance.The project aims to improve the knowledge level for the relationship between drivers' drivingstyle and ride comfort, including motion sickness. Comparisons of the ride comfort are madebetween bus and rail services and differences between drivers are also studied. A concretegoal is to provide basis for driver training and new support systems for drivers. Differencesand similarities between "eco driving" and good ride comfort are briefly addressed.The project began with interviews of bus and subway travelers and with measurements ofvehicle motions during normal service operation. In the autumn 2009, in-field experimentswere performed with test subjects who evaluated different driving styles in terms of comfort.The results showed that heavy braking, cornering forces, longitudinal jerks and uneven speedmean a lot to passengers' valuation. The results from these experiments show that in all thesedriving styles give rise to significant decreases of the perceived comfort.Correlation and regression analysis was then used to develop indicators for quantitativeanalysis of travel with public transport. The four indicators that were produced essentiallyreveal the sensitivity for; 1) longitudinal acceleration and braking, 2) longitudinal jerks, 3)cornering forces, and 4) uneven speed, so-called "Pump driving". Further, these indicators were used to assess some hundred measurement runs with accelerometers in both buses andmetro cars in normal service.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 4.
    Kottenhoff, Karl
    et al.
    KTH.
    Sundström, Jerker
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Samband mellan körstil och åkkomfort: förbättringspotentialen inom kollektivtrafiken. Lång version2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ride comfort constitutes part of the total comfort experience of a journey. It is a result of the interaction between the characteristics of the infrastructure and those of the vehicle, and not least a result of the driver’s handling. Poor ride comfort generally leads to low attractiveness of the public transportation system, mainly due to travelers being less relaxed and even unable to use the traveling time for reading. The motions of the vehicle can cause some passengers to develop motion sickness and even tripping or fall accidents occur due to difficulty to keep balance. The project aims to improve the knowledge level for the relationship between drivers' driving style and ride comfort, including motion sickness. Comparisons of the ride comfort are made between bus and rail services and differences between drivers are also studied. A concrete goal is to provide basis for driver training and new support systems for drivers. Differences and similarities between "eco driving" and good ride comfort are briefly addressed.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 5.
    Linder, Astrid
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Dukic, Tania
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Hjort, Mattias
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle technology and simulation.
    Matstoms, Ylva
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Mårdh, Selina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Sundström, Jerker
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Vadeby, Anna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Wiklund, Mats
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Infrastructure, Infrastructure maintenance.
    Östlund, Joakim
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Methods for the evaluation of traffic safety effects of Antilock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC): a literature review2007Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    In today's vehicles, active safety systems are introduced addressing a large variety of safety issues such as providing optimal stability control, braking effect, preventing spin and rollover, as well as collision avoidance, to mention just a few. In this study a literature review was performed in order to establish how the traffic safety performances of active safety systems with focus on Antilock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) are assessed. The areas covered were statistical evaluation, testing and driver behaviour. The literature review showed that in particular statistical methods, based on odds ratios, had been used in order to evaluate the traffic safety effect. In order to evaluate the effect of ESC in physical testing there are several test methods described in this report. Estimations of driver behaviour effects have been carried out by surveys among vehicle owners. Experiments performed in field or in simulator have also been found in the literature. From EU projects a variety of measures and test methods are available for assessment of driver behavioural effects.

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  • 6.
    Linder, Astrid
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Dukic, Tania
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Hjort, Mattias
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Mårdh, Selina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Sundström, Jerker
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Vadeby, Anna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Methods for evaluation of Electronic Stability Control (ESC): a literature review2007Conference paper (Refereed)
1 - 6 of 6
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