HFT (handdragen friktionstestare) är ett instrument som mäter och beräknar friktionen när ett bromsat mäthjul skjuts för hand, framåt längs objektet. Principen kallas skiddometerprincipen och finns närmare beskriven i Trafikverket (2015). Mäthjulet ska vara ett luftfyllt mätdäck med en specifik slitbana monterad. Bredden på mätdäckets kontaktyta ska vara ca 35 mm. Andra däck kan vara tillämpliga om de kan visas likvärdiga i jämförande tester. Ett exempel på en HFT är PFT (portabel friktionstestare) som är utvecklad på VTI. PFT har använts under flera år på vägytor, cykelbanor, gångbanor och andra arbetsytor. HFT kan vara ett lämpligt instrument att användas där mäthastigheten inte kan vara hög eller vid svåråtkomliga ytor där traditionella friktionsmätare, som mäter i hög fart inte kan användas.

HFT (hand drawn friction tester) is an instrument that measures / calculates friction when a braked measuring wheel is pushed by hand, forward along the object. The principle is called the skiddometer principle and is further described in the Swedish Transport Administration (2015). The measuring wheel should be an air-filled measuring tire with a specific tread mounted. The width of the contact surface of the measuring deck should be approximately 35 mm. Other tires may be applicable if they can be shown to be equivalent in comparative tests. An example of an HFT is the PFT (Portable Friction Tester) developed at VTI, which has been used for several years on road surfaces, bicycle lanes, walkways and other workspaces. HFT can be a suitable instrument to use where the measurement speed cannot be high or at difficult to access areas where traditional high-speed friction meters cannot be used.

The Swedish Transport Agency is working to achieve good accessibility, high quality, secure andenvironmentally aware rail, air, sea and road transport. They have overall responsibility for drawing upregulations. Recently they commissioned VTI to review and give recommendations on friction/skidresistance measurements in Sweden (dry road condition). Up to now, no common rules for frictiontesting exist for all roads and paths. The present rules only applies to governmental owned andmaintained road. The new challenge is to include urban roads, cycleways and walking paths as well. Wehave studied used methods and rules, mainly in the Nordic countries and especially looked atmotivations of requirements, measured friction levels and the desired thresholds. Finally, after analysisof the review results we have recommended methods and assessed risks of the suggestions. The reviewhave resulted in a set of recommendations such as what measurement methods to use, practical thresholdtriggers but also what needs to be further investigated. This paper will present the results from thereview.

The condition of the national coated road network is measured annually in Sweden and Finland. The measuring technology has been unchanged over a long period of time, which has its benefits. As the measurements are performed using the same technology, trends and measurement series are retained without any disruption. In addition, the technology currently used is reliable and can be procured at a price level that has fallen rather than risen over the years. The principal area of use for condition measurement is to provide maintenance work with an objective basis for the planning of surfacing, but when it is found that current objective condition data can only explain between 40 and 75 percent (depending on class of traffic) of the action actually taken on the road network, consideration must be given to whether new condition data need to be added. The information that is lacking is thought to be information on surface damage and cracks. This requires new measuring technology.

If new technology will be adopted, for the collection of condition data, the dependability of the basic measured quantities must be ensured before new options and measured quantities are examined. This study is therefore focused only on transverse-profile measurement and measures of unevenness in the transverse direction (rut depth and ridge height).

The study has examined two of the leading new technologies that operate with scanning lasers, LCMS from Pavemetrics and PPF from Fraunhofer. The outcome of the study shows that the technology is good, and that accuracy and repeatability are comparable to the present-day point-laser systems. It is also deemed possible to retain criteria and requirements for the procurement of measurement services when the new technology is used.

I Sverige och Finland mäts tillståndet på det statliga belagda vägnätet årligen. Mättekniken har varit densamma under en lång tid vilket har sina fördelar. I och med att mätningarna utförs med samma mätteknik bibehålls trender och mätserier utan störningar. Den nuvarande tekniken är dessutom driftsäker och kan handlas upp till en prisnivå som genom åren snarare sjunkit än ökat. Det huvudsakliga användningsområdet för tillståndsmätningen är att förse underhållsverksamheten med ett objektivt underlag för beläggningsplaneringen, men när det visar sig att nuvarande objektiva tillståndsdata endast kan förklara mellan 40 och 75 procent (beroende av trafikklass) av de åtgärder som verkligen görs på vägnätet, måste det övervägas om denna ska kompletteras med nya tillståndsdata. Den information som saknas tros vara information om ytskador och sprickor. Detta kräver ny mätteknik.

Om ny teknik ska börja anammas, för insamling av tillståndsdata, måste först de grundläggande mätstorheternas tillförlitlighet säkerställas, innan nya möjligheter och mätstorheter undersöks. Denna studie är därför endast inriktad på tvärprofilmätning och mått för ojämnhet i tvärled (spårdjup och spårrygg).

I studien har två av de ledande nya teknikerna som arbetar med skannande laser undersökts, LCMS från Pavemetrics och PPS från Fraunhofer. Resultatet av studien visar att tekniken är bra, noggrannhet och repeterbarhet går att jämföra med de nuvarande punktlasersystemen. Kriterier och krav för upphandling av mättjänster där den nya tekniken används bedöms också kunna bibehållas.

I Sverige och Finland mäts tillståndet på det statliga belagda vägnätet årligen. Mättekniken har varit densamma under en lång tid vilket har sina fördelar. I och med att mätningarna utförs med samma mätteknik bibehålls trender och mätserier utan störningar. Den nuvarande tekniken är dessutom driftsäker och kan handlas upp till en prisnivå som genom åren snarare sjunkit än ökat. Det huvudsakliga användningsområdet för tillståndsmätningen är att förse underhållsverksamheten med ett objektivt underlag för beläggningsplaneringen, men när det visar sig att nuvarande objektiva tillståndsdata endast kan förklara mellan 40 och 75 procent (beroende av trafikklass) av de åtgärder som verkligen görs på vägnätet, måste det övervägas om denna ska kompletteras med nya tillståndsdata. Den information som saknas tros vara information om ytskador och sprickor. Detta kräver ny mätteknik.

Om ny teknik ska börja anammas, för insamling av tillståndsdata, måste först de grundläggande mätstorheternas tillförlitlighet säkerställas, innan nya möjligheter och mätstorheter undersöks. Denna studie är därför endast inriktad på tvärprofilmätning och mått för ojämnhet i tvärled (spårdjup och spårrygg).

I studien har två av de ledande nya teknikerna som arbetar med skannande laser undersökts, LCMS från Pavemetrics och PPS från Fraunhofer. Resultatet av studien visar att tekniken är bra, noggrannhet och repeterbarhet går att jämföra med de nuvarande punktlasersystemen. Kriterier och krav för upphandling av mättjänster där den nya tekniken används bedöms också kunna bibehållas.

The condition of the national coated road network is measured annually in Sweden and Finland. The measuring technology has been unchanged over a long period of time, which has its benefits. As the measurements are performed using the same technology, trends and measurement series are retained without any disruption. In addition, the technology currently used is reliable and can be procured at a price level that has fallen rather than risen over the years. The principal area of use for condition measurement is to provide maintenance work with an objective basis for the planning of surfacing, but when it is found that current objective condition data can only explain between 40 and 75 percent (depending on class of traffic) of the action actually taken on the road network, consideration must be given to whether new condition data need to be added. The information that is lacking is thought to be information on surface damage and cracks. This requires new measuring technology.

If new technology will be adopted, for the collection of condition data, the dependability of the basic measured quantities must be ensured before new options and measured quantities are examined. This study is therefore focused only on transverse-profile measurement and measures of unevenness in the transverse direction (rut depth and ridge height).

The study has examined two of the leading new technologies that operate with scanning lasers, LCMS from Pavemetrics and PPF from Fraunhofer. The outcome of the study shows that the technology is good, and that accuracy and repeatability are comparable to the present-day point-laser systems. It is also deemed possible to retain criteria and requirements for the procurement of measurement services when the new technology is used

This special session is organized in order to share the knowledge about the safety, friction, and monitoring to fit under infrastructure. While considering a big trend of the society such as aged-society, rapid change of climate, more populated city living, the safety of vehicle users, bicyclists and pedestrians is getting important. This special session has a focus on the relationship between the safety service provided by infrastructure with related to the pavement for vehicular movement and walking and riding surface for the bicyclists and pedestrians. Through the special session, the organizers hope to share the international practice about this topic, and more safety and sustainable infrastructure can be reached.

Trafikverket följer årligen upp tillståndet på det statliga belagda vägnätet med mätbil. Det är en verksamhet som fortfarande i grunden har samma tekniska lösning som vid starten 1986. Under åren har dock antalet mätstorheter ökat, mätkvaliteten förbättrats och metoderna förfinats. Syftet med mätningarna är, förutom att följa det övergripande tillståndet på vägnätet, att få ett underlag för beläggningsplanering och val av åtgärdsobjekt. Vi kan se tillståndsmätningen som en första skanning att välja åtgärdskandidater vilka ofta kompletteras av, och slutligen väljs ut med kunskap hos Trafikverkets projektledare. Trafikverket vill i förlängningen kunna beskriva tillståndet från vägytemätningen ännu mer tillförlitligt för att projektledarnas val ska underlättas och bli än mer objektivt underbyggt.

Med tekniskt stöd av VTI upphandlas mättjänsten av Trafikverket. Upphandlingen av vägytemättjänsten för perioden 2015 till 2018 (plus optionsår 2019) genomfördes som en selektiv upphandling där sex deltagande företag (leverantörer) bjöds in till upphandlingen. Tre av företagen valde att delta i de tekniska testerna och därmed fullfölja upphandlingen. De tekniska testerna går ut på att undersöka leverantörernas förmåga att under produktionsliknande förhållanden utföra mätningar enligt i förväg beskrivna förhållanden och uppställda kravgränser. Denna rapport sammanfattar utfallet av de tekniska testerna.

The Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) annually monitors the condition of the national road network with survey vehicles. This is an operation that is, in principle, still carried out using the same technical basis as in 1986. During this time, however, measurement quantities have increased, measurement quality has improved, and measurement methods have been refined. In addition to monitoring the road network condition, the purpose of measurement surveys is to provide an information base that can be used to support investment decisions and maintenance planning. Condition measurement data can be used at an initial stage to identify potential maintenance candidates. Further investigations, carried out by project leaders, can then be used to determine which of the candidates are selected for maintenance action. The Swedish Transport Administration would ultimately like to be able to describe road conditions derived from surface measurement surveys even more accurately. This would allow project leaders to make more objective maintenance action decisions.

With technical support from the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), the Swedish Road Administration carries out the procurement of road surface measurement survey services. Road surface measurement services, for the period 2015 to 2018 (plus option year 2019), were obtained through a selective procurement process. Out of six suppliers who were invited to participate, three accepted the invitation to take part in the technical tests. The purpose of the tests is to examine the supplier’s ability to perform during simulated production conditions and be able to carry out the measurement surveys in accordance with pre-described conditions and specified limits. This report summarizes the results of the technical tests.

When doing safety and accident studies related to road surface characteristics the quality of the used data are of extreme importance. The definition, the techniques and strategy of collection of both condition as accident data can differ a lot between and within countries. An example of such confusion is the data considering pavement friction and skid resistance. In Europe currently more than 15 measuring devices for skid resistance are covered in the CEN standards. The availability of enough friction is the most essential road characteristic for safety issues. Other examples is the use of expressions of road condition such as rut depth. No standard exist and different calculations are used implying that they need careful consideration before exchange of accident analysis results are done. Most road surface indicators are developed for indication of road wear, not accident analysis. The Road Administration in Sweden have paid attention to this and made a number of actions to improve the quality of data. There are many quality aspects on data and data collection such as reliability, robustness, suitability for the purpose (relevant), performance, safe to collect, easy to maintain and costs. This presentation will present some actions and quality improvements for data and data collection that has been done in Sweden.

High speed surveys have become a key source of information to support condition assessment and management of pavement assets. These surveys can be applied network wide to obtain data on the surface condition and structural robustness of the pavement. However, these advances bring challenges to road administrations in determining the most appropriate survey to specify for their networks, in selecting the equipment, and in ensuring that the condition parameters delivered will be suitable to support asset management decisions. Although standards have been developed for some of the measurements provided by high speed systems, the focus tends to be highly technical, often not considering the wide ranging needs of routine network level implementation.

The HiSPEQ project has the objective of developing guidance and advice to help road administrations to understand high speed road survey equipment, and to help them in specifying the survey requirements, quality regimes and processing procedures. The project has considered high speed survey data that can be used to assess pavement structural robustness. It has investigated the measurement of pavement shape, visual condition, deflection and structure. Via review of current specifications both within and outside the EU, and direct consultation with practitioners and administrations, the project has proposed a set of core requirements for high-speed surveys of pavement surface and structural condition.