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Zhu, J., Ahmed, A. W., Dinegdae, Y., Xiaohu, L., Witkiewicz, P., Gardner, E., . . . Nilsson, R. (2024). Durability assessment of bio-extended bituminous binders by rheological characterisation after long-term ageing. In: 8th E&E (Eurasphalt & Eurobitume) Congress, Budapest, Hungary, 19-12 June, 2024: . Paper presented at 8th E&E (Eurasphalt & Eurobitume) Congress, Budapest, Hungary, 19-12 June, 2024.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Durability assessment of bio-extended bituminous binders by rheological characterisation after long-term ageing
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2024 (English)In: 8th E&E (Eurasphalt & Eurobitume) Congress, Budapest, Hungary, 19-12 June, 2024, 2024Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The pursuit of sustainable road infrastructure is prompting extensive research into the utilization of bio-extended bituminous binders. This paper investigates the durability of bio-extended bituminous binders (both unmodified and polymer-modified) containing a plant-based bio-oil, aiming to assess their long-term performance. The research employed laboratory-scale tests and advanced rheological techniques to evaluate viscoelastic properties of the binders after long-term ageing. Accelerated ageing protocols were used to simulate prolonged exposure to environmental factors, including the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV) test. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests measured the shear modulus and phase angle of the binders under various conditions while Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) tests measured the flexural creep stiffness at different low temperatures. Various performance indicators and specification parameters were analysed for the investigated binders regarding their resistance to both fatigue cracking at intermediate temperatures and thermal cracking at low temperatures.

The results indicate that the bio-extended binders passed all the analysed criteria after RTFOT+PAV ageing. Using the investigated bio-oil in bituminous binders had largely a positive effect on the ΔTc and did not affect the standard performance low-temperature grade significantly. The bio-extended binders followed the same relationships between several durability-related performance indicators as the reference binders did. Certain slight negative effects could be noticed at low temperatures when the bio-oil content was high, but a further verification on the asphalt mixture scale will be necessary to assess if these effects are significant enough to impact the asphalt mixture performance in practical applications.

National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19888 (URN)
Conference
8th E&E (Eurasphalt & Eurobitume) Congress, Budapest, Hungary, 19-12 June, 2024
Available from: 2023-09-11 Created: 2023-09-11 Last updated: 2023-09-13Bibliographically approved
Zhu, J., Ahmed, A. W., Dinegdae, Y. & Waldemarson, A. (2024). Investigation on Ageing Behaviour of Bio-Extended Bituminous Binders and Asphalt Mixtures for Sustainable Road Infrastructure. In: Transport Research Arena (TRA), Dublin, Ireland, 15 - 18 April, 2024: . Paper presented at Transport Research Arena (TRA), Dublin, Ireland, 15 - 18 April, 2024.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigation on Ageing Behaviour of Bio-Extended Bituminous Binders and Asphalt Mixtures for Sustainable Road Infrastructure
2024 (English)In: Transport Research Arena (TRA), Dublin, Ireland, 15 - 18 April, 2024, 2024Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This paper investigates the use of a plant-based bio-oil in bituminous binders as a partial replacement of petroleum-based bitumen for asphalt mixtures. Its effects on the ageing behaviour of bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures are studied. A total of six bituminous binders and their asphalt mixtures were prepared and analysed in laboratory, including three different binder formulations with varying percentages of bio-oil and their respective reference binders. Both the bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures were subjected to ageing protocols in laboratory. Softening point test, rheological and dynamic mechanical analyses were conducted to evaluate the changes in properties of the materials before and after ageing. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of aged binders and mixtures show very similar relationships as between the fresh materials, but the relationships after ageing are at changed levels due to the laboratory conditioning. This supports further studies to verify their functional performance in asphalt pavements.

Keywords
Asphalt Pavement, Bio-Bitumen, Bio-Asphalt, Ageing, Pavement Material, Road Infrastructure
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-20340 (URN)
Conference
Transport Research Arena (TRA), Dublin, Ireland, 15 - 18 April, 2024
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, 2021/79537Vinnova, 2022-00166Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF)
Available from: 2024-02-21 Created: 2024-02-21 Last updated: 2024-02-26Bibliographically approved
Ahmed, A. W., Larsson, M. & Said, S. (2024). Utilizing GPR and FWD for Pavement Structural Assessment and Moisture Detection. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Utilizing GPR and FWD for Pavement Structural Assessment and Moisture Detection
2024 (English)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Utnyttja GPR och FWD för bedömning av vägöverbyggnadstillstånd under fuktinverkan
Abstract [sv]

Tillståndet hos vägöverbyggnader påverkas bland annat av förekomsten av vatten och fukt i vägkonstruktionen. Förekomst av vatten accelererar nedbrytningen av vägen och leder till dyra underhållskostnader. Forskningen har visat att betydande vägandelar behöver tidigarelägga underhållsåtgärder, oavsett trafikvolymen på grund av fuktrelaterade skador. Övervakning av fuktförhållanden i synnerhet med icke-förstörande och kontinuerliga metoder är därför bra att ha vid val av lämplig underhållsåtgärd. Dessutom är det värdefullt att känna till fukttillståndet i vägen för en mer korrekt bedömning av bärighetsmätningar med FWD (fallviktapparat) eller TSD (Traffic Speed Deflectometer), särskild under våren (upptiningsperiod).

I denna studie används en flermottagande markradar (GPR) och en fallviktsdeflektometer för bedömning av fuktnivåer och strukturellt tillstånd för en fullskalig vägkonstruktion inomhus. Grundvattennivåer i vägkonstruktionen varierades genom tillförsel av vatten i testkonstruktionen. GPR-mätningarna rapporterar en relativ vattenhalt i testkonstruktionen. Resultaten visade en uppenbar korrelation mellan fallviktsmätningarna och de genomsnittliga GPR-hastighetsmätningarna för de undersökta testerna. Vidare forskning av andra GPR-parametrar, såsom frekvens, magnitud och amplitud för GPR-signalen, rekommenderas.

Abstract [en]

Asphalt pavement performance is affected by the presence of water(moisture). Increased moisture within the road structure can result in substantial cost increase for the for society. Research have showed that significant portion of the road sections need early maintenance measures regardless of traffic volume due to moisture-related damages. Monitoring moisture conditions, preferably using a non-destructive continuous method, offers important information into the decision-making and selecting appropriate maintenance intervention. Furthermore, understanding moisture conditions is critical for accurately interpreting automatic road condition measurements, especially during the spring (thawing) when the roads exhibit the lowest load bearing capacity due to increased levels of moisture.

This study employed a multi-receiver ground penetrating radar (GPR) and a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) devices to assess moisture levels and structural condition of field and indoor full-scale test roads. The groundwater level of the test road was varied by introducing water to the system. The results revealed an apparent correlation between the FWD and the average GPR velocity measurements. The GPR measurements provided a relative water content of the test roads. Further exploration of other GPR parameters, such as frequency, magnitude, and amplitude of the GPR signal is recommended.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2024. p. 35
Series
VTI rapport, ISSN 0347-6030 ; 1204A
Keywords
GPR, FWD, moisture content, moisture damage, GPR, FWD, fukthalt, fuktskador
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-20359 (URN)
Projects
Mätning av fukt/vatten vid FWD mätningar och dess effekter på asfalten/Utilizing GPR and FWD for Pavement Structural Assessment and Moisture Detection
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration
Available from: 2024-02-27 Created: 2024-02-27 Last updated: 2024-02-27Bibliographically approved
Saliko, D., Ahmed, A. W. & Erlingsson, S. (2023). Development and validation of a pavement temperature profile prediction model in a mechanistic-empirical design framework. Transportation Geotechnics, 40, Article ID 100976.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development and validation of a pavement temperature profile prediction model in a mechanistic-empirical design framework
2023 (English)In: Transportation Geotechnics, ISSN 2214-3912, Vol. 40, article id 100976Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

An accurate temperature prediction tool is an important part of any mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design and performance prediction method. In this paper, a one-dimensional finite control volume (FCV) model is introduced that predicts the temperature within a pavement structure as a function of time and depth. The main input data required for the model are continuous time series of air temperature for conductive heat transfer, solar radiation for radiative heat transfer, and wind speed for convective heat transfer. The heat balance equation for each control volume of the FCV model is solved using an implicit scheme. To validate the numerical model, comparisons were made to measured temperature data from four test sections in Sweden located in regions with different climatic conditions. A good agreement was obtained between the calculated and measured temperature values within the asphalt layer, and temperature in the granular layers with the values of the coefficient of determination R2 ranging from 0.866 to 0.979. The model is therefore suitable to be implemented as a pavement temperature prediction tool in M-E design.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19329 (URN)10.1016/j.trgeo.2023.100976 (DOI)000952007600001 ()2-s2.0-85150075068 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-11-23 Created: 2022-12-16 Last updated: 2023-05-24Bibliographically approved
Dinegdae, Y., Ahmed, A. W., Rahman, M. S. & Erlingsson, S. (2023). Evaluation of ERAPave PP permanent deformation models using APT. International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of ERAPave PP permanent deformation models using APT
2023 (English)In: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design, ISSN 1468-0629, E-ISSN 2164-7402Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Permanent deformation is one of the failure modes considered in the analysis and design of flexible pavements. ERAPave performance prediction (PP) which is a mechanistic empirical (ME) pavement design tool utilises two distinct models for the prediction of permanent deformation in the bound and unbound granular layers including subgrade. This paper aims to calibrate these models using pavement response and performance data from accelerated pavement testing (APT) structures. Material properties such as layer modulus were established through an optimisation that involves both falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and pavement response measurements. Based on the predicted performance results, a separate set of calibration was performed for permanent deformation development in moist and wet moisture conditions. The calibrated models have resulted in predictions that are in good agreement with observed performances. Furthermore, the model parameters successfully captured the initial densification behaviour and the associated sensitivity with axle load level.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2023
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19634 (URN)10.1080/14680629.2023.2191733 (DOI)000956338300001 ()2-s2.0-85150970867 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-04-03 Created: 2023-04-03 Last updated: 2023-05-24Bibliographically approved
Said, S. F. & Ahmed, A. W. (2023). Rheological characterization of asphalt concrete using shear box. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rheological characterization of asphalt concrete using shear box
2023 (English)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Reologisk karakterisering av asfaltbeläggning genom skjuvtest
Abstract [en]

Performance-orientated characterization of asphalt concrete materials is indispensable for analytic mix and pavement design. This report presents a test method for determining the shear modulus, phase angle and viscosity of bituminous mixes by the shear box test. The test is performed on laboratory compacted or cored bituminous mixes using a sinusoidal shear loading at different temperatures and frequencies. The procedure is used to characterize bituminous mixtures with respect to shear modulus, phase angle and viscosity. The obtained data can be used to estimate the bituminous layer’s structural behaviour in the pavement such as the development of ruts in the asphalt concrete layers.

Abstract [sv]

Funktionsorienterad karakterisering av asfaltbeläggning är värdefull för analytisk proportionering av asfaltmaterial och dimensionering av bituminösa vägöverbyggnader. Denna rapport presenterar en testmetod för att bestämma skjuvmodul, fasvinkel och viskositet för bituminösa beläggningar. Testet kan utföras på laboratoriepackade beläggning eller borrkärnsprov och utförs med en sinusformad skjuvbelastning vid olika temperaturer och frekvenser. Förfarandet används för att karakterisera bituminösa blandningar med avseende på skjuvmodul, fasvinkel och viskositet. Resultaten från provningen kan användas för att utvärdera asfaltbeläggningens deformationskänslighet eller för att beräkna spårutvecklingen i asfaltsbeläggning givet andra parametrar såsom klimat, trafikfördelning tvärs vägriktningen och belastningsspektra.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2023. p. 22
Series
VTI rapport, ISSN 0347-6030 ; 1168A
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19730 (URN)
Available from: 2023-05-22 Created: 2023-05-22 Last updated: 2023-05-22Bibliographically approved
Dinegdae, Y., Ahmed, A. W. & Erlingsson, S. (2023). Toward a Comprehensive Pavement Reliability Analysis Approach. Transportation Research Record, 2677(7), 680-692
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Toward a Comprehensive Pavement Reliability Analysis Approach
2023 (English)In: Transportation Research Record, ISSN 0361-1981, E-ISSN 2169-4052, Vol. 2677, no 7, p. 680-692Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reliability has been incorporated in pavement design tools to account for input variability influence on predicted performance. As they are not based on a probabilistic method of uncertainty propagation, the reliability analysis methodologies that are currently implemented in pavement performance tools lack rigor and robustness. This paper investigates the potential of three reliability analysis methodologies for pavement application: the Pavement ME reliability analysis methodology, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and the first-order reliability method (FORM). The MCS and FORM involve a response surface method for the generation of a second-order surrogate model. The investigation was performed using inputs and performance data from accelerated pavement testing structures. Inputs that were identified as significant were characterized as random variables and their associated variability was established using measured structural and material properties. Pavement performance with respect to rutting was predicted using the ERAPave performance prediction tool, while MCS was used to generate the actual variability of the distress. The reliability analysis results have shown that a comprehensive reliability analysis methodology is required that effectively captures input variabilities and the error associated with surrogate models.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2023
Keywords
variability, MCS, pavement ME, RSM, reliability, ERAPave PP, FORM
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19613 (URN)10.1177/03611981231155179 (DOI)000936031300001 ()2-s2.0-85164694179 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration
Available from: 2023-04-03 Created: 2023-04-03 Last updated: 2023-08-01Bibliographically approved
Rahman, S., Waldemarson, A. & Ahmed, A. (2022). Evaluation of conditioning methods for the determination of water sensitivity of asphalt concrete mixtures: comparison of MIST, SS-EN 12697-12:2018 (Method A) and TDOK 2017:0650. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of conditioning methods for the determination of water sensitivity of asphalt concrete mixtures: comparison of MIST, SS-EN 12697-12:2018 (Method A) and TDOK 2017:0650
2022 (English)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Utvärdering av konditioneringsmetoder för bestämning av vattenkänslighet för asfaltbeläggningar
Abstract [en]

Water or moisture in different physical states is a major factor that contributes to various forms of damages in asphalt concrete (AC) pavements. For pavement design and maintenance, it is essential to evaluate the AC mixtures with respect to water/ moisture damage susceptibility. In Sweden, this is currently done according to the Swedish standard (TDOK 2017:0650) or alternatively can be done according to the European standard (SS-EN 12697-12). However, these methods are time consuming, and they do not simulate the pumping action of water due to passing wheels. On the other hand, the Moisture Induced Sensitivity Test (MIST) is intended to be a quick method that applies cyclic pore pressure to simulate the repeated pumping action of water. However, it is a relatively new approach that has not yet been properly studied for Swedish conditions and yet to be standardized in Europe. 

In this project, the MIST, TDOK and the EN methods were evaluated using five different AC mixes. Results showed that the MIST with 12,000 cycles and the TDOK method have comparable and the strongest effect on the stiffness properties. MIST with 3,500 and 7,000 cycles and the EN method showed identical and relatively weak impact of water. MIST also indicated the changes of the indirect tensile strengths of the specimens. However, compared to the TDOK or EN methods, the changes in the indirect tensile strengths due to MIST conditioning were smaller. Overall, MIST was concluded to be a quicker, more convenient and a more realistic alternative. Comparing the various mixes with respect to moisture sensitivity, binder content and air voids showed great influences. The specimens with cut surfaces were less affected by moisture conditioning. The addition of amine additives significantly improved the resistance to moisture damage of the mixes. Generally, the results of this study formed the basis for further development of the EN and TDOK method as well as standardizing the MIST conditioning method in Europe.

Abstract [sv]

Vatten och fukt är en av faktorerna som bidrar till olika former av skador i asfaltbeläggningar (AC). Vid val och kvalitetskontroll av beläggning är det viktigt att utvärdera den med avseende på vattenkänslighet. I Sverige görs detta för närvarande enligt den svenska standarden (TDOK 2017: 0650) och i Europa enligt den europeiska standarden (SS-EN 12697-12). Dessa metoder är emellertid tidskrävande och de simulerar inte vattnets dynamiska portryck i beläggningen som uppkommer när hjul passerar över. En ny metod, Moisture Induced Sensitivity Test (MIST) är en snabb metod som inducerar cykliskt portryck i provkroppen för att simulera pumpning av vatten i en beläggning. Metoden har ännu inte studerats ordentligt för svenska förhållanden och den är ännu inte en standardiserad metod i Europa. 

I detta projekt utvärderades MIST-, TDOK- och EN-metoderna med hjälp av fem olika asfaltmassor. Resultaten visade att MIST med 12 000 cykler och TDOK-metoden gav jämförbara och starkaste effekter på styvhetsegenskaperna. MIST med 3 500 och 7 000 cykler och EN-metoden visade identisk och relativt svag inverkan av vattenkonditionering. MIST indikerade också förändringarna av provens indirekta hållfasthet. Men jämfört med TDOK- eller EN-metoderna var förändringarna i indirekt hållfasthet på grund av MIST-konditionering mindre. Sammantaget verkade MIST vara en snabbare, lättare och mer realistisk metod än de övriga metoderna för att utvärdera vattenkänslighet hos asfaltsbeläggningar. Bland asfaltmassorna var de med det mjukare bindemedlet och med lägre bindemedelshalt de mest påverkade. Asfaltmassan med högre hålrum var också mer påverkad än tätare provkroppar. Proverna med sågade ändytor påverkades mindre än de med osågade ändytor. Tillsats av vidhäftningsmedel (amin) förbättrade avsevärt motståndet mot fuktskador hos massorna. Resultaten av denna studie ger underlag för fortsatt utveckling av EN- och TDOK-metoderna samt argument för att standardisera MIST-konditioneringsmetoden i Europa.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2022. p. 30
Series
VTI rapport, ISSN 0347-6030 ; 1145A
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-19082 (URN)
Available from: 2022-10-17 Created: 2022-10-17 Last updated: 2022-11-30Bibliographically approved
Zhu, J., Ahmed, A. W., Said, S., Dinegdae, Y. H. & Lu, X. (2022). Experimental analysis and predictive modelling of linear viscoelastic response of asphalt mixture under dynamic shear loading. Construction and Building Materials, 328, Article ID 127095.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental analysis and predictive modelling of linear viscoelastic response of asphalt mixture under dynamic shear loading
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2022 (English)In: Construction and Building Materials, ISSN 0950-0618, E-ISSN 1879-0526, Vol. 328, article id 127095Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The use of predictive models can facilitate the inclusion of shear parameters in asphalt mixture evaluation and design processes. Unlike more extensively studied tension–compression models, the currently existing shear model, the Hirsch model, has unrealistic constants, particularly for the prediction of phase angle. Aiming at an improved predictive model in shear, this study employs a simple shear apparatus to experimentally analyse the linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures for road paving. Master curves were constructed and compared between different asphalt mixtures. Additionally, the test results were also analysed in the Black space and the Cole-Cole space. The dynamic shear response of asphalt mixtures was thereafter modelled on the basis of the Hirsch model. As the original model for phase angle prediction was found to be unrealistic, a particular focus in this study was put on identifying realistic empirical relationships for predicting the phase angle of asphalt mixtures in shear. More reliable shear test results of asphalt mixtures were used to calibrate the model, and extra test data were utilized to validate the calibrated model. It is indicated that the predictive model after calibration could deliver results of greatly improved accuracy, especially at the high-frequency and low-frequency ends. The analysis and modelling also leads to realistic empirical relationships for predicting the phase angle of asphalt mixtures in shear. The experimental verification confirms the good prediction accuracy of the calibrated model and proposed empirical relationships. © 2022 The Authors

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2022
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-18256 (URN)10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127095 (DOI)2-s2.0-85126140500 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-03-24 Created: 2022-03-24 Last updated: 2022-08-05Bibliographically approved
Zhu, J., Ahmed, A. W., Lu, X. & Said, S. (2022). Influence of Binder Properties on Dynamic Shear Response of Asphalt Mixture. In: Proceedings of the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials. ISBM 2020: . Paper presented at ISBM 2020: International Symposium on Bituminous Materials  (pp. 1071-1078). Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 27
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Influence of Binder Properties on Dynamic Shear Response of Asphalt Mixture
2022 (English)In: Proceedings of the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials. ISBM 2020, Springer Science and Business Media B.V. , 2022, Vol. 27, p. 1071-1078Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

For predicting the shear-related rutting potential of asphalt pavement, it is important to understand the shear response of asphalt mixture and find the link between the mixture response and component material properties. Using controlled aggregate gradation, this paper investigates the influence of bituminous binder on the response of asphalt mixture under dynamic shear loading. Four asphalt mixtures, with two different grades of bitumen, were analysed by a simple shear test apparatus with dynamic loading. The binders, both original and after short-term aging, were characterised using a dynamic shear rheometer. The modulus and phase angle of both the asphalt mixture and bitumen samples were measured. Master curves were constructed. The results revealed that the asphalt mixture phase angle maximum, where a rutting performance indicator can be obtained, appears in a relatively narrow range of shear modulus. This range corresponds to a certain level of bitumen complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle. By temperature sweep, a temperature value can be interpolated at the specified bitumen G* level. This temperature provides a possibility to predict the frequency of phase angle maximum for a given asphalt mixture type. It is noted that the asphalt mixture phase angle maximum corresponds to a relatively high bitumen modulus level compared to other high-temperature criteria. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022
Series
RILEM Bookseries
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-17325 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_136 (DOI)2-s2.0-85116509611 (Scopus ID)
Conference
ISBM 2020: International Symposium on Bituminous Materials 
Available from: 2021-11-30 Created: 2021-11-30 Last updated: 2022-08-05Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-6327-4709

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