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Wallman, Carl-Gustaf
Publications (10 of 31) Show all publications
Wallman, C.-G. (2009). Tema Vintermodell: hastighetsmätningar på 13-metersväg och 2+1-väg. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tema Vintermodell: hastighetsmätningar på 13-metersväg och 2+1-väg
2009 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

"The Winter Model" ("Vintermodellen") - is a computer-based system for assessing the most important socio-economic consequences of different strategies for winter road maintenance. A basic part of the model is measurement and analysis of vehicle speed reduction in different winter road conditions, compared with speeds in dry, bare road conditions. The model is developed for roads with a maximum width of 9.5 metres, however, it is important to include larger and more trafficked roads in a further development. In this study, measurements have been performed on two wider roads: a 13 metre road, i.e. the roadway is 7.5 m wide, and the shoulders are each 2.75 m wide; and a 2+1-road, i.e. "collision-free road" with a cable barrier separating the traffic directions, and alternately two lanes in each direction. The vehicles were divided into three categories: passenger cars, trucks with no trailers (incl. buses), and trucks with trailers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2009. p. 30
Series
VTI notat ; 16-2009
Keywords
Speed, Decrease, Measurement, Winter, Snow, Icy road, Dryness, Weather, Carriageway, Width, Calculation
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
20 Road: Traffic engineering, 21 Road: Traffic measurement and traffic analysis
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-1703 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2019-05-22Bibliographically approved
Wallman, C.-G. (2008). Framkomlighet under vintern på vägar med årsdygnstrafik mindre än tusen fordon: norska mätningar. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Framkomlighet under vintern på vägar med årsdygnstrafik mindre än tusen fordon: norska mätningar
2008 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration has expressed a wish that the expertise of VTI in infrastructure maintenance should be utilised to improve the decision base for the best possible operation and maintenance of the Norwegian road network. VTI was therefore commissioned to estimate the effects for road users of a number of operation and maintenance measures and strategies. This report gives an account of one of the projects. At VTI, within the project Tema Vintermodell, a methodology has been developed to study the accessibility of vehicular traffic in different road conditions. Vehicle speeds are continually measured during the winter season with simultaneous observations of the prevailing weather and road conditions. The reductions in speed in different road conditions, in relation to speeds on dry bare roads, can thus be calculated. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration considers that, for Norwegian conditions, it is most important to study the road network carrying low volumes of traffic, with an average annual daily traffic (AADT) less than ca 1,000 vehicles.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2008. p. 23
Series
VTI notat ; 4-2008
Keywords
Speed, Reduction, Winter, Low traffic road, Measurement, Wet road, Icy road, Snow, Rut, Car, Lorry, Norway
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
20 Road: Traffic engineering, 21 Road: Traffic measurement and traffic analysis
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-1656 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2019-05-29Bibliographically approved
Wallman, C.-G. (2006). PIARC 2006: XIIth Winter Road Congress 27-30 March 2006, Torino, Italy. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>PIARC 2006: XIIth Winter Road Congress 27-30 March 2006, Torino, Italy
2006 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

C-G. Wallman: The Winter Model - A winter maintenance management system/Le Winter Model - Un système de management de l'entretien des routes en hiver S. Möller: Winter Road Condition Model/Modele sur la condition de la route en hiver A. Bergström: Variation in car accident risk during winter/Variation du risque d'accidents de voitures durant l'hiver G. Blomqvist & M. Gustafsson: The environmental sub-model of the Swedish winter model from real world data to a modelled scenario/Le sous-modèle environmental du modele d'hiver (Winter model) Suedois des valeurs du monde reel vers un scenario modelise H. Antonson & G. Blomqvist: Does the official strategy protect or destroy our cultural heritage? - Corrosion of archaeological artefacts exposed to de-icing salt in Sweden/La strategie officielle protégé-t-elle ou detruit-elle notre heritage culturel? - Corrosion des vestiges archeologiques exposes au sel de degivrage des routes en Suede B. Wälivaara, G. Blomqvist, T. Andersson, H. Wilhelmsson: Automated monitoring of groundwater contamination along salted roads/Surveillance automatique de la contamination des eaux souterraines lelong des routes salees M. Gustafsson, G. Blomqvist, A. Gudmundsson, A. Dahl, E. Swietlicki: Studies of wear particles using the VTI Road Simulator/Particle Generator/Etudes des particules d'usure en utilisant le Simulateur de Route/Generateur de Particules du VTI

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2006. p. 144
Series
VTI notat
Keywords
Winter maintenance, Conference
Research subject
70 Road: Maintenance, 71 Road: Winter maintenance
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-1602 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2022-11-30Bibliographically approved
Wallman, C.-G., Möller, S., Blomqvist, G., Gustafsson, M., Niska, A., Öberg, G., . . . Karlsson, B. O. (2006). Tema Vintermodell: etapp 2, huvudrapport. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tema Vintermodell: etapp 2, huvudrapport
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2006 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
The Winter Model, Stage 2. Final Report
Abstract [sv]

Syftet med Vintermodellen är att beräkna och värdera de väsentligaste konsekvenserna för trafikanter, väghållare och samhälle av olika strategier och åtgärder inom vinterväghållningen. Huvudrapporten är i sig en sammanfattning av de rapporter som beskriver Vintermodellens olika delmodeller. Navet i Vintermodellen är Väglagsmodellen, som utgående från väderdata, vidtagna väghållningsåtgärder och trafik beräknar väglaget timme för timme under vintersäsongen. Väglagsmodellen styr beräkningarna i de olika effektmodellerna: Olycksmodellen, Framkomlighetsmodellen, Fordonskostnadsmodellen, Miljömodellen och Modellen för väghållarkostnader. I Olycksmodellen beräknas olyckskvoter, olyckstyper och konsekvenser, allt kopplat till olika väglag och deras varaktigheter.

I Framkomlighetsmodellen beräknas olika väglags effekt på medelhastigheter och restider.

I Fordonskostnadsmodellen beräknas kostnader för bränsleförbrukning och korrosion på grund av vägsalt.

I Miljömodellen beräknas konsekvenserna för vägnära vegetation av vägsalt.

I Modellen för väghållarkostnader beräknas dels direkta kostnader för åtgärderna, dels kostnader för skador och slitage på beläggning, vägmarkeringar etc. som följd av vinterväghållningsåtgärder.

Abstract [en]

The aim of the Winter Model is to estimate and put a value on the most important impacts of the strategies and measures in winter road management for road users, road management authorities and society at large. The main report itself is a summary of the reports that describe the submodels in the Winter Model. The hub of the model is the Road Condition Model which, on the basis of weather data, undertaken road management measures and traffic, calculates road conditions hour by hour during the winter season. The Road Condition Model controls calculations in the effect models: Accident Model, Accessibility Model, Vehicle Cost Model, Environment Model and Model for Road Management Costs. The Accident Model calculates accident rates, accident types and consequences, all coupled with different road conditions and their duration. The Accessibility Model calculates the effect of different road conditions on mean speeds and trip times. The Vehicle Cost Model calculates the costs of fuel consumption and corrosion due to road salt. The Environment Model calculates the impacts on roadside vegetation due to road salt. The Model for Road Management Costs calculates both the direct costs of the measures and the costs of damage to, and wear of, road surfacing, road markings etc as a result of road management measures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2006. p. 100
Series
VTI rapport, ISSN 0347-6030 ; 531
Keywords
Winter maintenance, Model, Icy road, Snow, Weather, Average speed, Traffic flow, Accident rate, Cost, Fuel consumption, Corrosion, Deicing, Salt, Environment, Impact study, Pollution, Cost benefit analysis
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
70 Road: Maintenance, 71 Road: Winter maintenance; 10 Road: Transport, society, policy and planning, 15 Road: Environment
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-6420 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2022-10-27Bibliographically approved
Wallman, C.-G. (2006). The Winter Model: a winter maintenance management system. Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Winter Model: a winter maintenance management system
2006 (English)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[fr]
Le Winter Model : Un système de management de l’entretien desroutes en hiver
Abstract [sv]

Road users are concerned by ice and snow on roads and streets. The main problems are increased accident risk and impaired accessibility. To prevent - or at least decrease - the difficulties, road administrators perform various maintenance actions. The actions are advantageous for the road users, but involve costs for the road administrators and negative effects for the environment. To optimize maintenance efforts the use of management systems should be applied. The Winter Model project will result in a model for assessing the most important effects and their monetary value of alterations of winter maintenance strategies and operations in Sweden. The effects are assessed for road users, road administrators, and environment. For road users, the main effects concern accessibility (in terms of vehicle speed and flow) and safety. By using simultaneous monitoring of road surface conditions and traffic, the relationship between speed and different roadway conditions has been established. The speed reductions due to seven specified roadway conditions (moist, wet, ice or snow) relative to the speed at dry, bare conditions are generally significant. The reduction can be as great as 20 %. No relationship for traffic flow could be established. The average accident rate (accidents per million vehicle kilometers) during a winter season can be 16 times larger in black ice conditions than in dry road conditions. The accident rate in ice and snow conditions has an exponential relation to the duration of the condition, which means the shorter the duration, the higher the accident rate.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2006
Series
VTI notat ; 19A-2006
Keywords
Winter maintenance, Accident potential, Model, Accident rate, Deicing, Salt, Black ice, Snow, Speed
Research subject
70 Road: Maintenance, 71 Road: Winter maintenance
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-1603 (URN)
Note

English version pp. 7-42

French version 73-84

Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2024-09-02Bibliographically approved
Wallman, C.-G. (2005). Mätning av fordonshastighet och flöde vid olika väglag. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mätning av fordonshastighet och flöde vid olika väglag
2005 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Measuring of vehicle speed and flow in different roadway conditions
Abstract [en]

The relation between accessibility and different winter road conditions was studied in the present project. The fundamental hypothesis was that drivers adapt their behaviour to prevailing weather and road conditions in the winter. The objective of this project was threefold: Firstly, to record and develop methods for capturing and preparing field data. Secondly, field measures were to be carried out, and measurement data processed and analysed. The intention was to include different types of roads. Thirdly, the hypothesis was tested.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2005. p. 256
Series
VTI meddelande, ISSN 0347-6049 ; 953
Keywords
Swedish, Sweden, Traffic flow, Speed, Winter, Adaptation, Weather, Measurement, Data acquisition, Icy road, Snow, Wet road
Research subject
20 Road: Traffic engineering, 21 Road: Traffic measurement and traffic analysis
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5161 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2025-01-13Bibliographically approved
Möller, S., Wallman, C.-G. & Blomqvist, G. (2005). Tema Vintermodell. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tema Vintermodell
2005 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Varje år drabbas trafikanterna av olägenheter på grund av is och snö på våra vägar, gator och gång- och cykelbanor. Problemen är främst ökad olycksrisk och försämrad framkomlighet. För att förebygga eller i varje fall minska problemen, vidtar väghållarna driftåtgärder av olika slag, som till exempel snöröjning och halkbekämpning. Åtgärderna är till nytta för trafikanterna, men innebär kostnader för väghållarna och negativa effekter för miljön. Det är därför angeläget att utveckla system för konsekvensbeskrivning av olika driftstrategier och -metoder för att göra det möjligt att minimera de samhällsekonomiska kostnaderna. För investeringsplanering av vägar och gator har man sedan länge haft kalkylmodeller för beräkning av olika effekter: förutom kostnader för planerings- och byggnadsprocesserna även förändringar av trafikalstring, restider, olycksrisker och mycket annat. Drift- och underhållssidan är i detta avseende mycket eftersatt, och det är naturligtvis en svaghet, när det gäller att konkurrera om begränsade medel med ekonomiska argument. Bristerna gäller inte minst vinterväghållningen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2005. p. 28
Series
VTI särtryck, ISSN 1102-626X ; 367
Keywords
Swedish, Sweden, Winter maintenance, Model, Snow, Icy road, Accident, Risk, Traffic flow, Speed, Deicing, Salt, Pollution
Research subject
70 Road: Maintenance, 71 Road: Winter maintenance
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5165 (URN)
Note

Föredrag vid vinterdriftskonferens, Værnes, Norge, 15–16 mars 2004.

Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2024-09-03Bibliographically approved
Wallman, C.-G., Möller, S., Blomqvist, G., Bergström, A. & Gaunt, H. (2005). Tema Vintermodell: Etapp 1. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tema Vintermodell: Etapp 1
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2005 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
The Winter Model : Stage 1
Abstract [sv]

Ice and snow on roads and streets cause problems for road-users, requiring maintenance actions such as snow-ploughing, salting and sanding. Such actions influence road safety, accessibility, vehicle costs and the environment, involving heavy expenses for the road administrators. Consequently, it is important to develop effective strategies and methods for maintenance actions and to produce knowledge of the effects of different winter standards for road users and road administrators, as well as society in general. The aim of this project is to create a Winter Model (Winter Maintenance Management System, WMMS). The project began in 2001 and has financial support up to 2005. This report is a summary of the achievements in stage 1, during 2 001 to 2003. Stage 2 will be carried out in 2004 to 2005.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2005. p. 175
Series
VTI meddelande, ISSN 0347-6049 ; 958
Keywords
Swedish, Sweden, Winter maintenance, Model, Sand, Snow clearance, Snow, Black ice, Road user, Weather, Accessibility, Risk assessment, Pollution, Deicing
Research subject
70 Road: Maintenance, 71 Road: Winter maintenance
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5157 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2024-12-13Bibliographically approved
Wallman, C.-G. (2004). The Winter Model: A Winter Maintenance Management System. In: Transportation Research Circular E-C063: Sixth International Symposium on Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology (pp. 83-94). Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Winter Model: A Winter Maintenance Management System
2004 (English)In: Transportation Research Circular E-C063: Sixth International Symposium on Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology, Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council , 2004, p. 83-94Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [sv]

Road users are concerned by ice and snow on roads and streets. The main problems are increased accident risk and impaired accessibility. To prevent - or at least decrease - the difficulties, road administrators perform various maintenance actions. The actions are advantageous for the road users, but involve costs for the road administrators and negative effects for the environment. To optimize maintenance efforts the use of management systems should be applied. The Winter Model project will result in a model for assessing the most important effects and their monetary value of alterations of winter maintenance strategies and operations in Sweden. The effects are assessed for road users, road administrators, and environment. For the road users, the main effects comprise accessibility (in terms of vehicle speed and flow) and safety. By using simultaneous monitoring of road surface condition and traffic, the relationship between speed and different roadway conditions have been established. The speed reductions owing to 7 specified roadway conditions (moist, wet, ice or snow) relative to the speed at dry, bare conditions are generally significant. The reduction can be as large as 20 per cent. No relationship for traffic flow could be established. The average accident rate (accidents per million vehicle kilometers) during a winter season can be 16 times larger in black ice conditions than in dry road conditions. The accident rate in ice and snow conditions has an exponential relation to the duration of the condition, i.e. the shorter the duration, the higher the accident rate.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2004
Keywords
Winter maintenance, Model, Icy road, Snow, Accident rate, Risk, Speed, Decrease
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Road: Maintenance, Road: Winter maintenance
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-1552 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2014-09-19Bibliographically approved
Törnros, J. & Wallman, C.-G. (2003). Inverkan av spår i beläggningen på förarbeteendet: en förstudie i VTI:s körsimulator. Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Inverkan av spår i beläggningen på förarbeteendet: en förstudie i VTI:s körsimulator
2003 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Influence of pavement ruts on driver behaviour : a pilot study in the VTI driving simulator
Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna förstudie var tvåfaldigt. För det första gällde det att undersöka om VTI:s körsimulator med sina begränsningar är lämpad för denna typ av studier. Om detta är fallet, kan de komma att bli ett hjälpmedel för Vägverket att bedöma de sammantagna effekterna av olika vägytetillstånd.

Det andra syftet var att beskriva i vilken utsträckning vägytans tillstånd påverkar förarnas körbeteende.

Förstudien begränsades till att omfatta studium av körbeteendet på spåriga vägar, där spåren låg i nivå med den omgivande vägytan, men där buller och vibrationer ökade påtagligt.

Simulatorstudien visar små men ofta signifikanta skillnader i såväl körbeteende som subjektivt bedömda effekter.

Ingen skillnad i genomsnittlig hastighet kan konstateras, däremot är hastighetsvariationen större vid spårig väg.

Beträffande sidoläge, så skiljer sig inte de genomsnittliga värdena i nämnvärd grad mellan spårig och slät vägyta. Man tycks försöka undvika att köra i spåren, på den jämna vägen körde man längre sträcka med ett sidoläge som motsvarar spårläget.

Varken för självrapporterad arbetsbelastning eller för självrapporterad ansträngning föreligger någon signifikant skillnad mellan spårig och jämn väg. Däremot visade sig skattningen av hur besvärlig man ansåg körningen vara ge signifikanta skillnader i bedömningen: spårig väg ansågs generellt vara besvärligare.

Abstract [en]

The aim with the pilot study was twofold. Firstly, to examine if the VTI driving simulator with its restraints is suited for this kind of studies. Secondly, to describe to what extent the condition of the road surface influence the driver behaviour.

The study was confined to studying driver behaviour on rutted roads, where the ruts were on a level with the surrounding road surface, but where noise and vibrations increased obviously.

The study shows small but often significant differences in driving behaviour as well as subjectively assessed effects.

No difference in mean speed can be established; however, the speed variance is greater for the rutted road.

The mean values of lateral position differ very little between rutted and smooth road; however, subjects tended to avoid driving in the ruts. On the smooth road they drove a long stretch with a lateral position corresponding to the position of the ruts.

Neither for self-reported work load nor for self-reported effort is there any significant difference between rutted or smooth road. The assessment of how difficult the driving task was, however, showed significant differences: rutted road was generally considered as more difficult.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, 2003
Series
VTI meddelande, ISSN 0347-6049 ; 940
Keywords
Swedish, Sweden, Rutting, Driver, Behaviour, Simulator, Method, Speed, Side, Pavement, Vehicle handling
Research subject
80 Road: Traffic safety and accidents, 841 Road: Road user behaviour; 30 Road: Highway design, 33 Road: Surfacing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-5041 (URN)
Available from: 2013-12-03 Created: 2013-12-03 Last updated: 2017-03-22Bibliographically approved
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